Myocardial Oxygen Supply

Which of the following compensatory mechanisms reduces oxygen consumption in a heart affected by chronic pressure overload?

A patient's ECG shows ST-segment depressions and T-wave inversions during an episode of chest pain. Which condition is MOST likely causing these changes?

A patient with an atherosclerotic lesion experiences angina. The imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand is most likely caused by which factor?

Which is the MOST likely mechanism by which sublingual nitroglycerin alleviates angina symptoms?

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of nonselective beta-blockers in patients with underlying asthma?

After CABG surgery, what type of graft is LEAST likely to develop atherosclerosis?

A patient with a history of variant angina is MOST likely experiencing which physiological condition?

What is a key characteristic of 'stunned' myocardium?

Endothelial cell dysfunction contributes to myocardial ischemia through which mechanism?

A clinician suspects a patient has fixed-threshold angina. What is the MAIN characteristic of this condition?

What is the underlying cause of 'hibernating myocardium'?

Which class of medication can mask the warning signs of hypoglycemia in insuling-treated diabetic patients?

According to Poiseuille's Law, what geometric component has the greatest effect on vascular resistance?

A patient with atherosclerosis is given intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) during cardiac catheterization. What paradoxical result suggests endothelial dysfunction?

What immediate action would be MOST appropriate for a patient experiencing an acute angina attack?

A patient is taking long-acting nitrates for angina. What strategy would best minimize the development of drug tolerance?

When would coronary angiography be MOST appropriate for a patient with angina?

What is the PRIMARY limitation of relying solely on coronary angiography for diagnosing clinically significant CAD?

In myocardial perfusion imaging, what does a 'cold spot' that fills in on a delayed scan MOST likely indicate?

Regarding the use of drug-eluting stents, what is the MOST concerning risk associated with the delayed endothelialization?

Which vessel is typically used for bypass in CABG due to its resistance to atherosclerosis?

A patient reports chest discomfort, but also generalized sympathetic stimulation. What is a common symptom?

When inquiring about triggers for angina, what conditions do NOT increase myocardial oxygen demand?

Which is NOT necessarily a good test to order to confirm myocardial ischemia as the cause?

Which action is MOST responsible for the pain relief caused by sublingual nitroglycerin?

What are non-invasive diagnostic tool(s) for detection of a stenoses that reduce the size of vessel lumens?

The use of aggressive lipid-lowering drug therapy after which surgery improves the long-term patency rates?

What is measured when using coronary angiography to identify coronary artery stenoses??

A condition called a superflous branch of each subclavian are used in what procedure?

Which of the following is likely to be a potential sign related to the myocardium during ischemia that can lead dyspnea?

Select the option that is typically NOT present itself with patients that have CAD?

What are a few factors of major importance in order to determine the net impact on vascular tone?

A patient lacks no coronary artery calcification (CAC), what does this indicate?

What is the relationship between low-dose anticoagulants plus aspiring compared to just taking aspiring alone?

If the standard radionuclide test is between 85% sensitive and 70-90% specific for the detection of clinically significant what cardiovascular decease?

In a normal state what promotes vascular smooth muscle relaxation through elaboration of substace?

Which of the following conditions lowers the risk of coronary disease events?

Which of the following contributes to the reduction in coronary blood supply

Increasing the rate of contraction will make what physiological event occur?

If a patient has cardiac ischemia causes the inability to perfuse what may this result too?

What are the two ways abnormal endothelial cell function can contribute to the pathophysiology of ischemia?

During periods of increased heart rate, which compensatory mechanism becomes MOST critical for maintaining adequate myocardial oxygen supply?

A patient with risk factors for atherosclerosis undergoes cardiac catheterization. Intracoronary acetylcholine administration causes vasoconstriction instead of vasodilation. This paradoxical response is MOST indicative of:

A patient experiences chest pain that occurs unpredictably, often at rest, and is promptly relieved by nitroglycerin. ECG during pain shows ST-segment elevation. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

A physician aims to reduce myocardial oxygen demand in a patient with stable angina using pharmacological interventions. According to the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand, which of the following drug classes would be MOST effective in achieving this goal?

While coronary angiography is effective in identifying anatomical stenoses, what is its PRIMARY limitation in assessing the clinical significance of coronary artery disease?