Mycobacteria Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about mycobacteria?

  • They grow only in the absence of oxygen
  • They are cocci-shaped bacteria
  • They produce endospores
  • They are associated with human disease (correct)

    • Which mycobacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?

  • M. kansasii
  • M. avium complex
  • M. leprae (correct)
  • M. tuberculosis

    • What are nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)?

  • Mycobacteria that are motionless
  • Mycobacteria that produce endospores
  • Mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis
  • Mycobacteria that are environmental organisms (correct)

    • Which test is used as a screening of infected subjects?

    <p>Intradermal tuberculin test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of ethambutol?

    <p>Interferes with the synthesis of arabinogalactan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause the reactivation of latent tuberculosis?

    <p>Immune-suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin?

    <p>Binds irreversibly to the cytoplasmic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification group of NTM includes M. avium and M. intracellulare?

    <p>Slow-growing nonpigmented mycobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mediator of NTM lung disease?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of transmission for M. tuberculosis?

    <p>Inhalation of aerosols produced by coughing of infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mycobacteria inhibit the fusion between phagosome and lysosome?

    <p>By encoding proteins in the RD1 region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of mycobacteria?

    <p>They are rod-shaped bacteria that grow only in the presence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mycobacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

    <p>M. tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)?

    <p>Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis responsible for opportunistic infections especially in immunocompromised patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of scotochromogenic mycobacteria?

    <p>They produce carotenoids in response to light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main manifestations of NTM disease?

    <p>Pulmonary disease, Disseminated disease, Lymphatic disease, Skin/soft tissue disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mediator of NTM lung disease?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Ability to resist intracellular killing of macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about latent tuberculosis?

    <p>It can reactivate in case of immune-suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of decontaminating the expectoration with a solution containing sodium hydroxide?

    <p>To eliminate other bacteria present in the expectoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid and ethionamide?

    <p>They affect the synthesis of mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

    <p>To verify the presence of immune responses against M. tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of mycobacteria?

    <p>They are rod-shaped bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mycobacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?

    <p>M. leprae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)?

    <p>Mycobacteria that are environmental organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mycobacteria group includes M. kansasii and M. marinum?

    <p>Slow-growing photochromogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Resistance to intracellular killing of macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of transmission for M. tuberculosis?

    <p>Aerosol produced by coughing of infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of biofilm formation in NTM?

    <p>To colonize unfavourable habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of latent tuberculosis?

    <p>Granuloma undergoes fibrosis and calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the decontamination process with sodium hydroxide in the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

    <p>To eliminate other bacteria present in the expectoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs inhibits the synthesis of cell wall in mycobacteria?

    <p>Cycloserine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin against bacteria?

    <p>It binds irreversibly to the cytoplasmic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of mycobacteria?

    <p>They are rod-shaped bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mycobacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?

    <p>M. leprae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term used for environmental mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients?

    <p>MOTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Runyon classification scheme of NTM based on?

    <p>Color of carotenoids produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main manifestations of NTM disease?

    <p>Pulmonary disease, Disseminated disease, Lymphatic disease, Skin/soft tissue disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Ability to resist intracellular killing of macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a granuloma?

    <p>A structure formed by activated lymphocytes surrounding infected macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

    <p>To screen for latent tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid and ethionamide against mycobacteria?

    <p>They affect the synthesis of mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis?

    <p>Latent tuberculosis is asymptomatic and active tuberculosis is symptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cycloserine against mycobacteria?

    <p>It inhibits two enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mycobacteria?

    <p>Production of endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of mycobacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis in humans?

    <p>M. tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term used for environmental mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients?

    <p>MOTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a group in the Runyon classification scheme of NTM?

    <p>Slow-growing pigmented mycobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Airborne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

    <p>To diagnose latent tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Ability to resist intracellular killing of macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

    <p>It is caused by the migration of mycobacteria to other organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

    <p>To diagnose latent tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of ethambutol against mycobacteria?

    <p>It interferes with the synthesis of arabinogalactan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis?

    <p>Latent tuberculosis is asymptomatic and cannot be transmitted, while active tuberculosis is symptomatic and can be transmitted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mycobacteria Characteristics

    • Mycobacteria inhibit the fusion between phagosome and lysosome.

    Types of Mycobacteria

    • Mycobacterium leprae is responsible for causing leprosy.
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis.

    Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

    • NTM includes M.avium and M.intracellulare.
    • NTM includes M.kansasii and M.marinum.
    • NTM is the collective term used for environmental mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients.
    • The Runyon classification scheme of NTM is based on pigmentation.
    • The four main manifestations of NTM disease are:
      • Pulmonary disease
      • Lymph node disease
      • Skin and soft tissue disease
      • Disseminated disease

    Mechanism of Action of Drugs

    • Isoniazid and ethionamide inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acid in mycobacteria.
    • Ethambutol inhibits the synthesis of arabinogalactan in mycobacteria.
    • Daptomycin disrupts the bacterial cell membrane.
    • Cycloserine inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall.

    Tuberculosis

    • The main route of transmission for M. tuberculosis is airborne transmission.
    • Reactivation of latent tuberculosis can occur due to a weakened immune system.
    • Latent tuberculosis is a state of persistent infection without symptoms.
    • Active tuberculosis is a state of active infection with symptoms.
    • The intradermal tuberculin test is used as a screening test for infected subjects.
    • The purpose of decontaminating the expectoration with a solution containing sodium hydroxide is to isolate mycobacteria.

    Pathogenesis

    • The main mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the inhibition of fusion between phagosome and lysosome.
    • A granuloma is a structure formed in response to mycobacterial infection, consisting of immune cells and collagen.

    Diagnosis

    • The purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test is to diagnose latent or active tuberculosis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on mycobacteria, a group of rod-shaped bacteria that are obligate aerobes, do not produce endospores, and are associated with human disease. Learn about the different species, including M. tuberculosis, and their characteristics in this quiz.

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