Mycobacteria Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about mycobacteria?

  • They grow only in the absence of oxygen
  • They are cocci-shaped bacteria
  • They produce endospores
  • They are associated with human disease (correct)

Which mycobacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?

  • M. kansasii
  • M. avium complex
  • M. leprae (correct)
  • M. tuberculosis

What are nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)?

  • Mycobacteria that are motionless
  • Mycobacteria that produce endospores
  • Mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis
  • Mycobacteria that are environmental organisms (correct)

Which test is used as a screening of infected subjects?

<p>Intradermal tuberculin test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ethambutol?

<p>Interferes with the synthesis of arabinogalactan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the reactivation of latent tuberculosis?

<p>Immune-suppression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin?

<p>Binds irreversibly to the cytoplasmic membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification group of NTM includes M. avium and M. intracellulare?

<p>Slow-growing nonpigmented mycobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mediator of NTM lung disease?

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of transmission for M. tuberculosis?

<p>Inhalation of aerosols produced by coughing of infected individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mycobacteria inhibit the fusion between phagosome and lysosome?

<p>By encoding proteins in the RD1 region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of mycobacteria?

<p>They are rod-shaped bacteria that grow only in the presence of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mycobacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

<p>M. tuberculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)?

<p>Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis responsible for opportunistic infections especially in immunocompromised patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of scotochromogenic mycobacteria?

<p>They produce carotenoids in response to light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main manifestations of NTM disease?

<p>Pulmonary disease, Disseminated disease, Lymphatic disease, Skin/soft tissue disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mediator of NTM lung disease?

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Ability to resist intracellular killing of macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about latent tuberculosis?

<p>It can reactivate in case of immune-suppression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of decontaminating the expectoration with a solution containing sodium hydroxide?

<p>To eliminate other bacteria present in the expectoration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid and ethionamide?

<p>They affect the synthesis of mycolic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

<p>To verify the presence of immune responses against M. tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of mycobacteria?

<p>They are rod-shaped bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mycobacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?

<p>M. leprae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)?

<p>Mycobacteria that are environmental organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mycobacteria group includes M. kansasii and M. marinum?

<p>Slow-growing photochromogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Resistance to intracellular killing of macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of transmission for M. tuberculosis?

<p>Aerosol produced by coughing of infected individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of biofilm formation in NTM?

<p>To colonize unfavourable habitats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of latent tuberculosis?

<p>Granuloma undergoes fibrosis and calcification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the decontamination process with sodium hydroxide in the diagnosis of tuberculosis?

<p>To eliminate other bacteria present in the expectoration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs inhibits the synthesis of cell wall in mycobacteria?

<p>Cycloserine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin against bacteria?

<p>It binds irreversibly to the cytoplasmic membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mycobacteria?

<p>They are rod-shaped bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mycobacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?

<p>M. leprae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term used for environmental mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients?

<p>MOTT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Runyon classification scheme of NTM based on?

<p>Color of carotenoids produced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main manifestations of NTM disease?

<p>Pulmonary disease, Disseminated disease, Lymphatic disease, Skin/soft tissue disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Ability to resist intracellular killing of macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a granuloma?

<p>A structure formed by activated lymphocytes surrounding infected macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

<p>To screen for latent tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid and ethionamide against mycobacteria?

<p>They affect the synthesis of mycolic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis?

<p>Latent tuberculosis is asymptomatic and active tuberculosis is symptomatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cycloserine against mycobacteria?

<p>It inhibits two enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mycobacteria?

<p>Production of endospores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species of mycobacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis in humans?

<p>M. tuberculosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term used for environmental mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients?

<p>MOTT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a group in the Runyon classification scheme of NTM?

<p>Slow-growing pigmented mycobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main route of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Airborne (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

<p>To diagnose latent tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

<p>Ability to resist intracellular killing of macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

<p>It is caused by the migration of mycobacteria to other organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test?

<p>To diagnose latent tuberculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ethambutol against mycobacteria?

<p>It interferes with the synthesis of arabinogalactan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis?

<p>Latent tuberculosis is asymptomatic and cannot be transmitted, while active tuberculosis is symptomatic and can be transmitted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mycobacteria and Disease

Mycobacteria are associated with human diseases.

M. leprae

The mycobacteria responsible for causing leprosy.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

Mycobacteria that are environmental organisms, not causing tuberculosis.

Intradermal tuberculin test

A test used for screening subjects for tuberculosis infection.

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Ethambutol mechanism

Ethambutol interferes with arabinogalactan synthesis.

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Reactivation of latent tuberculosis

Reactivation is often caused by immune suppression.

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Daptomycin mechanism

Daptomycin binds irreversibly to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria.

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Group of Slow-growing NTM

Includes M. avium and M. intracellulare.

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Main mediator of NTM lung disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the main mediator.

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Transmission of M. tuberculosis

M. tuberculosis is transmitted via aerosol inhalation from coughs.

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Phagosome-lysosome fusion inhibition

Mycobacteria inhibit fusion by encoding RD1 region proteins.

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Characteristics of mycobacteria

Mycobacteria are rod-shaped bacteria that grow in oxygen.

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M. tuberculosis

The mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis infection.

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Characteristics of scotochromogenic mycobacteria

They produce carotenoids when exposed to light.

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Manifestations of NTM disease

Includes pulmonary, disseminated, lymphatic, and skin/soft tissue diseases.

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Pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis

It can resist intracellular killing by macrophages.

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Latent tuberculosis

Latent tuberculosis can reactivate with immune suppression.

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Decontamination with sodium hydroxide

Used to eliminate other bacteria from expectoration.

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Isoniazid and ethionamide mechanism

They affect the synthesis of mycolic acid in bacteria.

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Purpose of intradermal tuberculin test

To verify immune responses against M. tuberculosis.

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Granuloma

A structure formed by activated lymphocytes around infected macrophages.

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Active vs Latent tuberculosis

Active TB is symptomatic while latent is asymptomatic.

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Cycloserine mechanism

It inhibits enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria.

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Runyon classification of NTM

Based on the color of carotenoids produced by mycobacteria.

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MOTT

The collective term for environmental mycobacteria causing OPPORTUNISTIC infections.

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Mycobacteria characteristics

They are rod-shaped and do not produce endospores.

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Transmission route for mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mainly through airborne particles from coughs of infected people.

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Study Notes

Mycobacteria Characteristics

  • Mycobacteria inhibit the fusion between phagosome and lysosome.

Types of Mycobacteria

  • Mycobacterium leprae is responsible for causing leprosy.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

  • NTM includes M.avium and M.intracellulare.
  • NTM includes M.kansasii and M.marinum.
  • NTM is the collective term used for environmental mycobacteria responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients.
  • The Runyon classification scheme of NTM is based on pigmentation.
  • The four main manifestations of NTM disease are:
    • Pulmonary disease
    • Lymph node disease
    • Skin and soft tissue disease
    • Disseminated disease

Mechanism of Action of Drugs

  • Isoniazid and ethionamide inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acid in mycobacteria.
  • Ethambutol inhibits the synthesis of arabinogalactan in mycobacteria.
  • Daptomycin disrupts the bacterial cell membrane.
  • Cycloserine inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall.

Tuberculosis

  • The main route of transmission for M. tuberculosis is airborne transmission.
  • Reactivation of latent tuberculosis can occur due to a weakened immune system.
  • Latent tuberculosis is a state of persistent infection without symptoms.
  • Active tuberculosis is a state of active infection with symptoms.
  • The intradermal tuberculin test is used as a screening test for infected subjects.
  • The purpose of decontaminating the expectoration with a solution containing sodium hydroxide is to isolate mycobacteria.

Pathogenesis

  • The main mechanism of pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the inhibition of fusion between phagosome and lysosome.
  • A granuloma is a structure formed in response to mycobacterial infection, consisting of immune cells and collagen.

Diagnosis

  • The purpose of the intradermal tuberculin test is to diagnose latent or active tuberculosis.

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Description

Test your knowledge on mycobacteria, a group of rod-shaped bacteria that are obligate aerobes, do not produce endospores, and are associated with human disease. Learn about the different species, including M. tuberculosis, and their characteristics in this quiz.

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