30 Questions
What is the term for when primary tuberculosis heals without causing disease?
Latent infection
Which of the following is a risk factor for tuberculosis reactivation?
Smoking
In approximately what percentage of cases do those with latent infection progress to active disease (reactivation) later on?
10%
What type of tuberculosis occurs with a cavity in the upper lobes?
Secondary tuberculosis
Which drug type poses a risk factor for tuberculosis reactivation?
Corticosteroids
What is the term used for the progression from latent infection to active disease?
Reactivation
What is the main mode of transmission of tuberculosis?
Aerosols generated by coughing of smear-positive individuals
What percentage of people are infected by aerosols produced by coughing of smear-negative individuals?
20%
In which type of countries does Mycobacterium bovis cause tuberculosis in humans?
Both developed and underdeveloped countries
Who is at the highest risk of tuberculosis infection and disease?
Elderly, malnourished individuals
What is the most common site of infection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Lungs
Which group of individuals in the US is mostly associated with cases of reactivation tuberculosis?
Elderly, malnourished men
What is the reason why cultures of clinical specimens for M.tuberculosis must be held for 6 to 8 weeks before being recorded as negative?
M.tuberculosis grows slowly
Why are dyes like malachite green included in the media used for culturing Mycobacteria?
To inhibit normal flora in sputum samples
Which specific fatty acids in the cell wall of M.tuberculosis contribute to its acid-fast property?
Long-chain fatty acids
What is the correlation between Cord factor (trehalose dimycolate) and the virulence of Mycobacteria?
Virulent strains exhibit a serpentine cordlike growth pattern
Which lipid located in the bacterial cell wall of Mycobacteria is essential for pathogenesis in the lung?
Phthiocerol dimycocerosate
Why does NaOH destroy unwanted bacteria, human cells, and mucus but not Mycobacteria?
Mycobacteria have a thick cell wall with mycolic acids
What are the main symptoms of pulmonary TB?
Cough and hemoptysis
Which region is most commonly involved in gastrointestinal TB?
Ileocecal
What is a characteristic chest X-ray finding in reactivation TB of the lung?
Upper lobe infiltrate with or without a cavity
Which symptom is characteristic of oropharyngeal TB?
Painless ulcer
What is a common manifestation of renal tuberculosis?
Flank pain and hematuria
What is Mycobacteria Miliary TB characterized by?
Multiple disseminated lesions resembling millet seeds
What is the main determinant of whether overt tuberculosis disease occurs?
Adequacy of the host's cell-mediated immune response
Which staining method is commonly used for rapid screening purposes to detect M.tuberculosis?
Auramine stain
What type of infections are most M.tuberculosis infections initially?
Latent infections
Which enzyme isolated from fireflies is used in the luciferase assay to detect drug-resistant organisms?
Luciferase
What percentage of 'smear-negative' samples are found to be 'culture-positive'?
50%
Why is multidrug therapy used during tuberculosis treatment?
To prevent the emergence of drug-resistant mutants
Test your knowledge on the growth and culturing characteristics of Mycobacteria, including M.tuberculosis and M.leprae. Learn about the slow growth of Mycobacteria species and the specific media used for their cultivation.
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