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Questions and Answers
During a routine prenatal visit at 28 weeks gestation, a patient reports feeling less fetal movement than usual over the past 24 hours. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
During a routine prenatal visit at 28 weeks gestation, a patient reports feeling less fetal movement than usual over the past 24 hours. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
- Instruct the patient to come to the clinic immediately for an urgent ultrasound.
- Educate the patient on fetal kick counts and instruct her to perform them at home. (correct)
- Schedule a non-stress test (NST) within the next week to assess fetal well-being.
- Reassure the patient that fetal movement naturally decreases in the third trimester.
A pregnant woman with pre-existing hypertension is being monitored closely. Which laboratory finding would be most indicative of superimposed preeclampsia rather than just chronic hypertension?
A pregnant woman with pre-existing hypertension is being monitored closely. Which laboratory finding would be most indicative of superimposed preeclampsia rather than just chronic hypertension?
- Platelet count of 90,000/μL (correct)
- Elevated systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg
- Proteinuria of 300 mg in a 24-hour urine collection
- Serum creatinine level of 0.9 mg/dL
Using Nägele's rule, if the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was July 10th, what is her estimated date of delivery (EDD)?
Using Nägele's rule, if the first day of a woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was July 10th, what is her estimated date of delivery (EDD)?
- April 17th of the following year (correct)
- April 3rd of the following year
- May 17th of the following year
- May 3rd of the following year
During the immediate postpartum period, a nurse assesses a client and finds a boggy uterus that is displaced to the right of the umbilicus. What is the priority nursing intervention?
During the immediate postpartum period, a nurse assesses a client and finds a boggy uterus that is displaced to the right of the umbilicus. What is the priority nursing intervention?
In fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus plays a crucial role by shunting blood away from the lungs. Which of the following best describes the path of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus?
In fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus plays a crucial role by shunting blood away from the lungs. Which of the following best describes the path of blood flow through the ductus arteriosus?
What is the primary purpose of folic acid supplementation during preconception and the first trimester?
What is the primary purpose of folic acid supplementation during preconception and the first trimester?
A woman reports her last menstrual period (LMP) started on July 10, 2024. Using Nägele's rule, what is her estimated date of delivery (EDD)?
A woman reports her last menstrual period (LMP) started on July 10, 2024. Using Nägele's rule, what is her estimated date of delivery (EDD)?
Which cardiovascular change is NOT a typical finding during a normal pregnancy?
Which cardiovascular change is NOT a typical finding during a normal pregnancy?
At what gestational age is the fundus typically palpable at the level of the umbilicus?
At what gestational age is the fundus typically palpable at the level of the umbilicus?
Which of the following integumentary changes is commonly associated with pregnancy?
Which of the following integumentary changes is commonly associated with pregnancy?
Why is the left lateral decubitus position recommended for pregnant women, especially after 20 weeks of gestation?
Why is the left lateral decubitus position recommended for pregnant women, especially after 20 weeks of gestation?
What is the purpose of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation?
What is the purpose of the ductus venosus in fetal circulation?
What is the significance of identifying 'quickening' during a prenatal physical exam?
What is the significance of identifying 'quickening' during a prenatal physical exam?
Which of the following is NOT typically assessed during the first prenatal visit?
Which of the following is NOT typically assessed during the first prenatal visit?
What is the purpose of measuring nuchal translucency between 11-14 weeks gestation?
What is the purpose of measuring nuchal translucency between 11-14 weeks gestation?
A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation presents with new onset facial edema, elevated blood pressure, and proteinuria. Which condition is MOST likely?
A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation presents with new onset facial edema, elevated blood pressure, and proteinuria. Which condition is MOST likely?
Compared to a non-pregnant state, pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state with an increased risk of thromboembolism. Which of the following best describes the physiological rationale for this change?
Compared to a non-pregnant state, pregnancy induces a hypercoagulable state with an increased risk of thromboembolism. Which of the following best describes the physiological rationale for this change?
Which of the following fetal structures is responsible for shunting blood away from the fetal lungs?
Which of the following fetal structures is responsible for shunting blood away from the fetal lungs?
During a routine prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation, the sonographer notes the presence of only one umbilical artery instead of the normal two. What is the MOST appropriate next step?
During a routine prenatal ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation, the sonographer notes the presence of only one umbilical artery instead of the normal two. What is the MOST appropriate next step?
A woman with a history of intravenous drug use is in her first trimester. Which of the following prenatal labs is MOST critical to order due to her history?
A woman with a history of intravenous drug use is in her first trimester. Which of the following prenatal labs is MOST critical to order due to her history?
A patient at 34 weeks gestation is diagnosed with transient hypertension. Which of the following characteristics best describes this condition?
A patient at 34 weeks gestation is diagnosed with transient hypertension. Which of the following characteristics best describes this condition?
A pregnant patient with chronic hypertension is being managed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. According to the provided information, which blood pressure readings would classify her hypertension as 'severe'?
A pregnant patient with chronic hypertension is being managed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. According to the provided information, which blood pressure readings would classify her hypertension as 'severe'?
Gestational hypertension is typically diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation. Which of the following is a KEY differentiating factor between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia?
Gestational hypertension is typically diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation. Which of the following is a KEY differentiating factor between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for preeclampsia?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for preeclampsia?
A patient at 32 weeks gestation presents with a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg and 400 mg of protein in a 24-hour urine collection. These findings are most consistent with which condition?
A patient at 32 weeks gestation presents with a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg and 400 mg of protein in a 24-hour urine collection. These findings are most consistent with which condition?
A patient with preeclampsia begins to experience visual disturbances such as blurred vision and spots (scotomata). What is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
A patient with preeclampsia begins to experience visual disturbances such as blurred vision and spots (scotomata). What is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
Which of the following best explains why multiple gestations increase the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia?
Which of the following best explains why multiple gestations increase the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia?
A 36-year-old primigravida patient is diagnosed with severe preeclampsia at 34 weeks gestation. Besides pharmacological interventions, which of the following is the MOST definitive management?
A 36-year-old primigravida patient is diagnosed with severe preeclampsia at 34 weeks gestation. Besides pharmacological interventions, which of the following is the MOST definitive management?
A patient with chronic hypertension is being actively managed during pregnancy. Which of the following antihypertensive medications is generally CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects?
A patient with chronic hypertension is being actively managed during pregnancy. Which of the following antihypertensive medications is generally CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects?
In the context of preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome is a severe complication. What does HELLP stand for?
In the context of preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome is a severe complication. What does HELLP stand for?
A pregnant patient at 32 weeks gestation is diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention, assuming fetal lung maturity is not yet confirmed?
A pregnant patient at 32 weeks gestation is diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention, assuming fetal lung maturity is not yet confirmed?
A patient diagnosed with HELLP syndrome reports sudden onset epigastric pain. What is the MOST likely cause of this symptom?
A patient diagnosed with HELLP syndrome reports sudden onset epigastric pain. What is the MOST likely cause of this symptom?
A postpartum patient who had gestational diabetes is scheduled for a follow-up glucose tolerance test. When should this screening typically occur?
A postpartum patient who had gestational diabetes is scheduled for a follow-up glucose tolerance test. When should this screening typically occur?
Which of the following is the MOST critical consideration when managing a patient with gestational diabetes during pregnancy?
Which of the following is the MOST critical consideration when managing a patient with gestational diabetes during pregnancy?
Which of the following blood pressure readings confirms a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, requiring immediate intervention?
Which of the following blood pressure readings confirms a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia, requiring immediate intervention?
A woman with a history of gestational diabetes is concerned about her child's future risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). What is the approximate increased risk for the child to develop T2DM as a teenager or young adult?
A woman with a history of gestational diabetes is concerned about her child's future risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). What is the approximate increased risk for the child to develop T2DM as a teenager or young adult?
A 26-year-old primigravida is diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 26 weeks gestation. Besides diet and exercise, what is another MOST likely treatment if glycemic control is not achieved?
A 26-year-old primigravida is diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 26 weeks gestation. Besides diet and exercise, what is another MOST likely treatment if glycemic control is not achieved?
A patient with severe preeclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which of the following assessment findings would MOST strongly suggest magnesium toxicity?
A patient with severe preeclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which of the following assessment findings would MOST strongly suggest magnesium toxicity?
A patient at 35 weeks gestation is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Despite dietary changes, her fasting blood glucose levels remain elevated. Which medication is MOST likely to be prescribed initially?
A patient at 35 weeks gestation is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Despite dietary changes, her fasting blood glucose levels remain elevated. Which medication is MOST likely to be prescribed initially?
A previously healthy 28-year-old G1P0 at 39 weeks gestation presents to the labor and delivery unit with a severe headache, blurred vision, and epigastric pain. Her blood pressure is 170/110 mmHg. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate intervention?
A previously healthy 28-year-old G1P0 at 39 weeks gestation presents to the labor and delivery unit with a severe headache, blurred vision, and epigastric pain. Her blood pressure is 170/110 mmHg. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate intervention?
An NST shows two fetal heart rate accelerations of 12 beats per minute above baseline, lasting 12 seconds each, within a 20-minute period. How should the nurse interpret this result?
An NST shows two fetal heart rate accelerations of 12 beats per minute above baseline, lasting 12 seconds each, within a 20-minute period. How should the nurse interpret this result?
A patient at 35 weeks gestation is undergoing a contraction stress test (CST). Which finding would indicate a positive CST result?
A patient at 35 weeks gestation is undergoing a contraction stress test (CST). Which finding would indicate a positive CST result?
A biophysical profile (BPP) assesses five components. Which of the following components is NOT assessed in a BPP?
A biophysical profile (BPP) assesses five components. Which of the following components is NOT assessed in a BPP?
A patient at 12 weeks' gestation is considering amniocentesis for genetic testing due to advanced maternal age. What information should the nurse include in counseling regarding the procedure?
A patient at 12 weeks' gestation is considering amniocentesis for genetic testing due to advanced maternal age. What information should the nurse include in counseling regarding the procedure?
During a non-stress test (NST), which finding is MOST indicative of fetal well-being?
During a non-stress test (NST), which finding is MOST indicative of fetal well-being?
Which statement accurately reflects current recommendations regarding air travel during pregnancy?
Which statement accurately reflects current recommendations regarding air travel during pregnancy?
A pregnant woman reports experiencing frequent heartburn. What is the MOST appropriate recommendation?
A pregnant woman reports experiencing frequent heartburn. What is the MOST appropriate recommendation?
A woman at 38 weeks gestation reports a sudden gush of clear fluid from her vagina. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A woman at 38 weeks gestation reports a sudden gush of clear fluid from her vagina. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation presents with new onset dependent edema, hypertension, and proteinuria. Which of the following is most crucial to assess immediately to differentiate between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia?
A pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation presents with new onset dependent edema, hypertension, and proteinuria. Which of the following is most crucial to assess immediately to differentiate between gestational hypertension and preeclampsia?
Which statement BEST describes the physiological rationale behind the recommendation for supplemental iron during pregnancy, considering the hemodilutional effects and increased oxygen demands?
Which statement BEST describes the physiological rationale behind the recommendation for supplemental iron during pregnancy, considering the hemodilutional effects and increased oxygen demands?
A primiparous woman at 39 weeks gestation reports feeling like her 'baby has dropped' and that she can breathe easier, but is experiencing increased urinary frequency. Which physiological change is MOST likely occurring?
A primiparous woman at 39 weeks gestation reports feeling like her 'baby has dropped' and that she can breathe easier, but is experiencing increased urinary frequency. Which physiological change is MOST likely occurring?
Which of the following is the MOST indicative characteristic of true labor contractions, as opposed to Braxton Hicks contractions?
Which of the following is the MOST indicative characteristic of true labor contractions, as opposed to Braxton Hicks contractions?
A patient at 38 weeks gestation calls the triage line reporting a sudden gush of clear fluid from her vagina. According to the provided information, what is the MOST appropriate advice to give this patient?
A patient at 38 weeks gestation calls the triage line reporting a sudden gush of clear fluid from her vagina. According to the provided information, what is the MOST appropriate advice to give this patient?
During an initial labor evaluation, a nurse performs Leopold maneuvers. What is the PRIMARY purpose of these maneuvers?
During an initial labor evaluation, a nurse performs Leopold maneuvers. What is the PRIMARY purpose of these maneuvers?
Which term BEST describes the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother?
Which term BEST describes the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother?
A nurse is reviewing a fetal heart rate tracing. Which of the following patterns is considered a NON-reassuring fetal heart tone pattern?
A nurse is reviewing a fetal heart rate tracing. Which of the following patterns is considered a NON-reassuring fetal heart tone pattern?
A patient at 39 weeks gestation is admitted to labor and delivery. During Leopold maneuvers, the nurse palpates a hard, round, movable part in the fundus, a long, smooth contour on the mother’s left side, small parts on the right side, and a soft, irregular shape just above the symphysis pubis. Which fetal presentation is MOST likely?
A patient at 39 weeks gestation is admitted to labor and delivery. During Leopold maneuvers, the nurse palpates a hard, round, movable part in the fundus, a long, smooth contour on the mother’s left side, small parts on the right side, and a soft, irregular shape just above the symphysis pubis. Which fetal presentation is MOST likely?
A multiparous woman in early labor reports the passage of 'bloody show'. Which of the following physiological processes BEST explains this finding?
A multiparous woman in early labor reports the passage of 'bloody show'. Which of the following physiological processes BEST explains this finding?
Which of the following scenarios would warrant immediate hospital evaluation for a patient in late pregnancy, based on the provided guidelines?
Which of the following scenarios would warrant immediate hospital evaluation for a patient in late pregnancy, based on the provided guidelines?
During a fetal heart rate assessment, a nurse notes moderate variability, accelerations to 15 bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds, and no decelerations. When interpreting these findings collectively, which conclusion is MOST appropriate?
During a fetal heart rate assessment, a nurse notes moderate variability, accelerations to 15 bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds, and no decelerations. When interpreting these findings collectively, which conclusion is MOST appropriate?
Which of the following is the primary goal of labor induction?
Which of the following is the primary goal of labor induction?
A prolonged second stage of labor carries several risks. Which of the following is a potential maternal risk?
A prolonged second stage of labor carries several risks. Which of the following is a potential maternal risk?
What is the significance of meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor?
What is the significance of meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor?
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for labor induction?
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for labor induction?
What is the primary mechanism by which transcervical balloon catheters promote cervical ripening?
What is the primary mechanism by which transcervical balloon catheters promote cervical ripening?
What is a crucial requirement for performing membrane stripping?
What is a crucial requirement for performing membrane stripping?
Which of the following is a common complication associated with oxytocin infusion during labor induction?
Which of the following is a common complication associated with oxytocin infusion during labor induction?
Why is cervical readiness an important consideration before initiating labor induction?
Why is cervical readiness an important consideration before initiating labor induction?
What is the rationale behind the recommendation to avoid labor induction in a patient with a history of previous cesarean section or uterine surgery?
What is the rationale behind the recommendation to avoid labor induction in a patient with a history of previous cesarean section or uterine surgery?
A patient at 41 weeks gestation with oligohydramnios is scheduled for labor induction. Her Bishop score is 3. Which intervention would MOST likely be initiated, considering the unfavorable cervix?
A patient at 41 weeks gestation with oligohydramnios is scheduled for labor induction. Her Bishop score is 3. Which intervention would MOST likely be initiated, considering the unfavorable cervix?
Which of the following best describes a hydatidiform mole?
Which of the following best describes a hydatidiform mole?
What characteristic finding on ultrasound is most suggestive of a complete hydatidiform mole?
What characteristic finding on ultrasound is most suggestive of a complete hydatidiform mole?
Following evacuation of a hydatidiform mole, what is the MOST important aspect of follow-up care?
Following evacuation of a hydatidiform mole, what is the MOST important aspect of follow-up care?
A patient is diagnosed with a partial hydatidiform mole. Which of the following is TRUE regarding future pregnancies?
A patient is diagnosed with a partial hydatidiform mole. Which of the following is TRUE regarding future pregnancies?
Which of the following BEST describes the genetic composition of a complete hydatidiform mole?
Which of the following BEST describes the genetic composition of a complete hydatidiform mole?
A patient presents with vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis gravidarum, and a uterine size larger than expected for her gestational age. Her beta-hCG level is significantly elevated. Which condition is MOST likely?
A patient presents with vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis gravidarum, and a uterine size larger than expected for her gestational age. Her beta-hCG level is significantly elevated. Which condition is MOST likely?
After a D&C for a complete hydatidiform mole, a patient's beta-hCG levels plateau and then begin to rise. This is MOST indicative of what complication?
After a D&C for a complete hydatidiform mole, a patient's beta-hCG levels plateau and then begin to rise. This is MOST indicative of what complication?
What is the recommended duration of contraception following the evacuation of a hydatidiform mole and why?
What is the recommended duration of contraception following the evacuation of a hydatidiform mole and why?
A patient with a history of a complete hydatidiform mole is being treated with single-agent chemotherapy for persistent GTN. She expresses concern about the impact on her future fertility. What is the MOST appropriate counseling?
A patient with a history of a complete hydatidiform mole is being treated with single-agent chemotherapy for persistent GTN. She expresses concern about the impact on her future fertility. What is the MOST appropriate counseling?
In extremely rare cases, hyperthyroidism can be seen in patients with hydatidiform moles. What is the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon?
In extremely rare cases, hyperthyroidism can be seen in patients with hydatidiform moles. What is the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon?
Artificial rupture of membranes (AROM) is performed to potentially induce labor. Which of the following is a critical nursing assessment immediately following AROM?
Artificial rupture of membranes (AROM) is performed to potentially induce labor. Which of the following is a critical nursing assessment immediately following AROM?
A primigravida at term is undergoing labor induction. The cervix is assessed as firm, posterior, 1 cm dilated, and less than 50% effaced. According to the provided information, what is the MOST appropriate next step before attempting induction with oxytocin?
A primigravida at term is undergoing labor induction. The cervix is assessed as firm, posterior, 1 cm dilated, and less than 50% effaced. According to the provided information, what is the MOST appropriate next step before attempting induction with oxytocin?
A pregnant woman at 36 weeks gestation is being screened for Group B Streptococcus (GBS). According to the standard protocol mentioned, which anatomical sites should be swabbed for accurate GBS detection?
A pregnant woman at 36 weeks gestation is being screened for Group B Streptococcus (GBS). According to the standard protocol mentioned, which anatomical sites should be swabbed for accurate GBS detection?
Which of the following maternal conditions is NOT explicitly listed as an indication for a Cesarean section in the provided text?
Which of the following maternal conditions is NOT explicitly listed as an indication for a Cesarean section in the provided text?
During the immediate postpartum period, a nurse observes signs of placental separation. Which of the following is NOT recognized as a typical sign of placental separation?
During the immediate postpartum period, a nurse observes signs of placental separation. Which of the following is NOT recognized as a typical sign of placental separation?
A postpartum patient is diagnosed with a retained placenta. If manual removal is unsuccessful, which of the following procedures is MOST likely to be considered next for management, according to the provided text?
A postpartum patient is diagnosed with a retained placenta. If manual removal is unsuccessful, which of the following procedures is MOST likely to be considered next for management, according to the provided text?
Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta are conditions characterized by abnormal placental attachment. What is the KEY differentiating factor between placenta increta and placenta percreta?
Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta are conditions characterized by abnormal placental attachment. What is the KEY differentiating factor between placenta increta and placenta percreta?
A patient is diagnosed with primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to uterine atony. Which of the following interventions is considered the FIRST-LINE pharmacological management for uterine atony according to the provided text?
A patient is diagnosed with primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to uterine atony. Which of the following interventions is considered the FIRST-LINE pharmacological management for uterine atony according to the provided text?
Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to increase the risk of uterine atony, a major cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to increase the risk of uterine atony, a major cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
A woman with a history of a previous classical Cesarean incision is considering her delivery options for her current pregnancy. Based on the information provided, which delivery method is CONTRAINDICATED?
A woman with a history of a previous classical Cesarean incision is considering her delivery options for her current pregnancy. Based on the information provided, which delivery method is CONTRAINDICATED?
What is the primary anatomical location for the majority of ectopic pregnancies?
What is the primary anatomical location for the majority of ectopic pregnancies?
Which of the following is the MOST critical consideration when evaluating a female patient of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding?
Which of the following is the MOST critical consideration when evaluating a female patient of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding?
Severe abdominal pain with peritonitis, accompanied by syncope and orthostatic hypotension, MOST likely indicates what complication of ectopic pregnancy?
Severe abdominal pain with peritonitis, accompanied by syncope and orthostatic hypotension, MOST likely indicates what complication of ectopic pregnancy?
Serial hCG measurements are crucial in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. What is the expected trend of hCG levels in a normal, viable early pregnancy, compared to an ectopic pregnancy?
Serial hCG measurements are crucial in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. What is the expected trend of hCG levels in a normal, viable early pregnancy, compared to an ectopic pregnancy?
A 36-year-old patient with a history of PID and prior ectopic pregnancy presents with amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, and right-sided abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasound reveals no intrauterine pregnancy. Which serum progesterone level would be MOST indicative of a nonviable pregnancy?
A 36-year-old patient with a history of PID and prior ectopic pregnancy presents with amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, and right-sided abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasound reveals no intrauterine pregnancy. Which serum progesterone level would be MOST indicative of a nonviable pregnancy?
A patient being evaluated for a suspected ectopic pregnancy has a positive urine pregnancy test. Serum quantitative hCG is drawn, and a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is performed, which does not visualize an intrauterine pregnancy. The physician considers medical management with methotrexate. Which of the following MUST be ruled out FIRST before considering methotrexate as a treatment option?
A patient being evaluated for a suspected ectopic pregnancy has a positive urine pregnancy test. Serum quantitative hCG is drawn, and a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is performed, which does not visualize an intrauterine pregnancy. The physician considers medical management with methotrexate. Which of the following MUST be ruled out FIRST before considering methotrexate as a treatment option?
In a female patient of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, what condition should always be considered?
In a female patient of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, what condition should always be considered?
Which of the following is the MOST common anatomical location for ectopic pregnancies?
Which of the following is the MOST common anatomical location for ectopic pregnancies?
A patient presents with severe abdominal pain, syncope, and orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying cause?
A patient presents with severe abdominal pain, syncope, and orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying cause?
Which historical factor would MOST significantly increase a patient's risk for ectopic pregnancy?
Which historical factor would MOST significantly increase a patient's risk for ectopic pregnancy?
Identify the symptom triad MOST commonly associated with an unruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Identify the symptom triad MOST commonly associated with an unruptured ectopic pregnancy.
In the context of early pregnancy monitoring, which serum progesterone level would strongly suggest a nonviable pregnancy (either intrauterine or ectopic)?
In the context of early pregnancy monitoring, which serum progesterone level would strongly suggest a nonviable pregnancy (either intrauterine or ectopic)?
Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of combination oral contraceptive pills?
Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of combination oral contraceptive pills?
A 38-year-old woman who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes daily is seeking contraception. Considering the contraindications for combination oral contraceptives, which of the following options is MOST appropriate for her?
A 38-year-old woman who smokes 1 pack of cigarettes daily is seeking contraception. Considering the contraindications for combination oral contraceptives, which of the following options is MOST appropriate for her?
A patient using combination oral contraceptives reports experiencing new onset, severe, unilateral leg pain and tenderness. What is the MOST appropriate immediate action?
A patient using combination oral contraceptives reports experiencing new onset, severe, unilateral leg pain and tenderness. What is the MOST appropriate immediate action?
Which of the following is a primary benefit associated with the use of combination oral contraceptive pills, beyond pregnancy prevention?
Which of the following is a primary benefit associated with the use of combination oral contraceptive pills, beyond pregnancy prevention?
A woman using progestin-only pills ('mini-pill') is instructed to take her pill at the same time daily. If she usually takes her pill at 9:00 AM and remembers at 2:00 PM the following day, what is the MOST appropriate advice regarding contraceptive effectiveness?
A woman using progestin-only pills ('mini-pill') is instructed to take her pill at the same time daily. If she usually takes her pill at 9:00 AM and remembers at 2:00 PM the following day, what is the MOST appropriate advice regarding contraceptive effectiveness?
Which of the following is NOT a typical complication associated with kernicterus?
Which of the following is NOT a typical complication associated with kernicterus?
A newborn is diagnosed with jaundice. How frequently should the nurse assess the infant for jaundice in the first 48 hours?
A newborn is diagnosed with jaundice. How frequently should the nurse assess the infant for jaundice in the first 48 hours?
Preterm labor is defined as delivery with associated cervical changes occurring before how many weeks of gestation?
Preterm labor is defined as delivery with associated cervical changes occurring before how many weeks of gestation?
What is the recommended course of action if a woman experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM) and labor does not begin within 24 hours?
What is the recommended course of action if a woman experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM) and labor does not begin within 24 hours?
Which test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing rupture of membranes (ROM)?
Which test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing rupture of membranes (ROM)?
A pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation is at risk for preterm labor. What medication is recommended to promote fetal lung development?
A pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation is at risk for preterm labor. What medication is recommended to promote fetal lung development?
A patient at 32 weeks’ gestation presents with preterm labor. Besides betamethasone, which of the following would be LEAST beneficial in managing preterm labor, if all other options were viable?
A patient at 32 weeks’ gestation presents with preterm labor. Besides betamethasone, which of the following would be LEAST beneficial in managing preterm labor, if all other options were viable?
Which statement regarding chorioamnionitis is MOST accurate?
Which statement regarding chorioamnionitis is MOST accurate?
Which of the following is the MOST common causative agent of metritis within 10 days postpartum?
Which of the following is the MOST common causative agent of metritis within 10 days postpartum?
A preterm infant is born at 32 weeks gestation. Which of the following physiological factors primarily contributes to the development of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
A preterm infant is born at 32 weeks gestation. Which of the following physiological factors primarily contributes to the development of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
In the management of metritis, which antibiotic regimen would be MOST appropriate?
In the management of metritis, which antibiotic regimen would be MOST appropriate?
Besides fever, which of the following is a significant sign and symptom indicating chorioamnionitis?
Besides fever, which of the following is a significant sign and symptom indicating chorioamnionitis?
An infant exhibits respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). What is the primary rationale for administering continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
An infant exhibits respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). What is the primary rationale for administering continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
Which of the following diagnostic tests is LEAST likely to be performed when evaluating a patient for metritis?
Which of the following diagnostic tests is LEAST likely to be performed when evaluating a patient for metritis?
A newborn is diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following treatment for RDS. Which of the following best describes the underlying cause?
A newborn is diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following treatment for RDS. Which of the following best describes the underlying cause?
A woman is diagnosed with metritis following a cesarean section. Beyond antibiotic therapy, what other intervention is crucial in preventing complications of the condition?
A woman is diagnosed with metritis following a cesarean section. Beyond antibiotic therapy, what other intervention is crucial in preventing complications of the condition?
What percentage of pregnancies in the United States are estimated to be unintended?
What percentage of pregnancies in the United States are estimated to be unintended?
How does surfactant reduce the risk of alveolar collapse?
How does surfactant reduce the risk of alveolar collapse?
A patient using the contraceptive patch should be instructed to:
A patient using the contraceptive patch should be instructed to:
A patient who weighs over 200 lbs (90.7 kg) is interested in using the contraceptive patch. What is the MOST appropriate counseling point?
A patient who weighs over 200 lbs (90.7 kg) is interested in using the contraceptive patch. What is the MOST appropriate counseling point?
How often is the vaginal ring typically replaced?
How often is the vaginal ring typically replaced?
A patient using a diaphragm should be instructed to:
A patient using a diaphragm should be instructed to:
What is a potential side effect associated with diaphragm use?
What is a potential side effect associated with diaphragm use?
A patient using a cervical cap should be aware of the increased risk of:
A patient using a cervical cap should be aware of the increased risk of:
How long can a contraceptive sponge remain in place after intercourse?
How long can a contraceptive sponge remain in place after intercourse?
Which of the following is a characteristic of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)?
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), which patient population has the potential to be ideal candidates for IUDs?
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), which patient population has the potential to be ideal candidates for IUDs?
A client calls concerned about a barrier method that has been left for too long; A client who used the contraceptive sponge for 36 hours is MOST at risk for:
A client calls concerned about a barrier method that has been left for too long; A client who used the contraceptive sponge for 36 hours is MOST at risk for:
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of an intrauterine device (IUD)?
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of an intrauterine device (IUD)?
A patient using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) for contraception should be aware of which potential side effect that necessitates careful monitoring?
A patient using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) for contraception should be aware of which potential side effect that necessitates careful monitoring?
Which of the following is an advantage of etonogestrel implants (Nexplanon) compared to estrogen-containing contraceptives?
Which of the following is an advantage of etonogestrel implants (Nexplanon) compared to estrogen-containing contraceptives?
A patient presents to the clinic requesting emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse 48 hours ago. Assuming no medical contraindications, which is the MOST appropriate action?
A patient presents to the clinic requesting emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse 48 hours ago. Assuming no medical contraindications, which is the MOST appropriate action?
A woman with a history of breast cancer is seeking contraception. Which of the following methods is generally contraindicated?
A woman with a history of breast cancer is seeking contraception. Which of the following methods is generally contraindicated?
What is the primary mechanism of action of the copper IUD (ParaGard)?
What is the primary mechanism of action of the copper IUD (ParaGard)?
Which of the following findings necessitates immediate evaluation prior to prescribing combined hormonal contraception?
Which of the following findings necessitates immediate evaluation prior to prescribing combined hormonal contraception?
A 28-year-old patient reports experiencing irregular bleeding and spotting after IUD insertion. What is the MOST appropriate initial counseling?
A 28-year-old patient reports experiencing irregular bleeding and spotting after IUD insertion. What is the MOST appropriate initial counseling?
A patient who has been using Depo-Provera for two years expresses concern about bone density loss. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate management strategy?
A patient who has been using Depo-Provera for two years expresses concern about bone density loss. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate management strategy?
A patient with a history of cerebral vascular disease is seeking contraception. Which of the following methods is the MOST appropriate?
A patient with a history of cerebral vascular disease is seeking contraception. Which of the following methods is the MOST appropriate?
What is the MOST common cause of female factor infertility?
What is the MOST common cause of female factor infertility?
Which male factor is LEAST likely to be a cause of Infertility?
Which male factor is LEAST likely to be a cause of Infertility?
A 37-year-old woman has been trying to conceive for 7 months without success. Initial fertility evaluation should include which of the following?
A 37-year-old woman has been trying to conceive for 7 months without success. Initial fertility evaluation should include which of the following?
Which medication is MOST commonly used for ovarian stimulation in artificial insemination procedures?
Which medication is MOST commonly used for ovarian stimulation in artificial insemination procedures?
What is the primary mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate in promoting ovulation?
What is the primary mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate in promoting ovulation?
Which ART procedure accounts for the VAST majority of all ART procedures performed?
Which ART procedure accounts for the VAST majority of all ART procedures performed?
A couple undergoing IVF expresses concern about the possibility of multiple gestations. What counseling point is MOST relevant regarding this risk?
A couple undergoing IVF expresses concern about the possibility of multiple gestations. What counseling point is MOST relevant regarding this risk?
A 32-year-old woman with a history of irregular menstrual cycles is undergoing fertility evaluation. Which initial diagnostic test would be MOST helpful in assessing ovulatory function?
A 32-year-old woman with a history of irregular menstrual cycles is undergoing fertility evaluation. Which initial diagnostic test would be MOST helpful in assessing ovulatory function?
Following a semen analysis revealing severe oligozoospermia, what is the MOST appropriate next step in the evaluation of male infertility?
Following a semen analysis revealing severe oligozoospermia, what is the MOST appropriate next step in the evaluation of male infertility?
A 39-year-old woman is undergoing IVF. After oocyte retrieval and fertilization, the embryologist observes fragmented embryos with poor morphology. Which of the following interventions is LEAST likely to improve the outcome of the next IVF cycle?
A 39-year-old woman is undergoing IVF. After oocyte retrieval and fertilization, the embryologist observes fragmented embryos with poor morphology. Which of the following interventions is LEAST likely to improve the outcome of the next IVF cycle?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Plan B One-Step and Next Choice emergency contraceptives?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Plan B One-Step and Next Choice emergency contraceptives?
A woman presents 7 days after unprotected intercourse requesting emergency contraception. Which of these options is MOST appropriate?
A woman presents 7 days after unprotected intercourse requesting emergency contraception. Which of these options is MOST appropriate?
A woman with a BMI of 35 requests emergency contraception. Which method's effectiveness is LEAST affected by her BMI?
A woman with a BMI of 35 requests emergency contraception. Which method's effectiveness is LEAST affected by her BMI?
What is a key patient counseling point regarding the timing of complete sterilization following a vasectomy?
What is a key patient counseling point regarding the timing of complete sterilization following a vasectomy?
Which of the following is the MOST common surgical approach for female sterilization?
Which of the following is the MOST common surgical approach for female sterilization?
Which sterilization method is MOST likely to be potentially reversible?
Which sterilization method is MOST likely to be potentially reversible?
What is the primary mechanism by which the Essure system, now discontinued, achieved sterilization?
What is the primary mechanism by which the Essure system, now discontinued, achieved sterilization?
Define Infertility.
Define Infertility.
What is the most important thing to consider when counseling couples about sterilization as a means of contraception?
What is the most important thing to consider when counseling couples about sterilization as a means of contraception?
An intensely difficult question for experts: In the context of contraception and sterilization, consider a scenario where a novel, hypothetical 'Sono-Pulse' technology emerges that utilizes focused ultrasound to non-invasively occlude the fallopian tubes with pinpoint accuracy and theoretically allows for future restoration of tubal patency via a counter-ultrasound procedure. Assuming this technology is proven safe and effective, which of the following statements would BEST represent the ETHICAL considerations surrounding its use?
An intensely difficult question for experts: In the context of contraception and sterilization, consider a scenario where a novel, hypothetical 'Sono-Pulse' technology emerges that utilizes focused ultrasound to non-invasively occlude the fallopian tubes with pinpoint accuracy and theoretically allows for future restoration of tubal patency via a counter-ultrasound procedure. Assuming this technology is proven safe and effective, which of the following statements would BEST represent the ETHICAL considerations surrounding its use?
Flashcards
Intrapartum
Intrapartum
The period from the start of labor to delivery of the placenta.
Postpartum
Postpartum
The period beginning immediately after the delivery of the placenta and continuing for six weeks.
Gestational Hypertension
Gestational Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy.
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
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Postpartum Care
Postpartum Care
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Folic Acid in Pregnancy
Folic Acid in Pregnancy
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Quickening
Quickening
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Chadwick's Sign
Chadwick's Sign
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Hegar's Sign
Hegar's Sign
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CV Changes in Pregnancy
CV Changes in Pregnancy
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Aortocaval Compression
Aortocaval Compression
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Hematologic Changes in Pregnancy
Hematologic Changes in Pregnancy
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Pregnancy & Hypercoagulability
Pregnancy & Hypercoagulability
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
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Foramen Ovale
Foramen Ovale
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Ductus Venosus
Ductus Venosus
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Umbilical Cord Vessels
Umbilical Cord Vessels
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Naegele's Rule
Naegele's Rule
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Routine U/A During Prenatal Visits
Routine U/A During Prenatal Visits
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First Trimester Screening
First Trimester Screening
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HELLP Syndrome
HELLP Syndrome
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HELLP Syndrome Risks
HELLP Syndrome Risks
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HELLP Syndrome S&S
HELLP Syndrome S&S
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HELLP Syndrome Treatment
HELLP Syndrome Treatment
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GDM Pathophysiology
GDM Pathophysiology
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GDM Result
GDM Result
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GDM Development
GDM Development
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GDM Screening
GDM Screening
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GDM Risk Factors
GDM Risk Factors
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Postpartum GDM Screening
Postpartum GDM Screening
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Transient Hypertension
Transient Hypertension
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Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
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Mild Chronic Hypertension
Mild Chronic Hypertension
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Severe Chronic Hypertension
Severe Chronic Hypertension
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Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH)
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH)
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Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia
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Mild Pre-eclampsia
Mild Pre-eclampsia
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Severe Pre-eclampsia
Severe Pre-eclampsia
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Risk Factors for Pre-eclampsia
Risk Factors for Pre-eclampsia
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Signs and Symptoms of Pre-eclampsia
Signs and Symptoms of Pre-eclampsia
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Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis
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Fetal Kick Counts
Fetal Kick Counts
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Non-Stress Test (NST)
Non-Stress Test (NST)
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NST Accelerations
NST Accelerations
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Contraction Stress Test (CST)
Contraction Stress Test (CST)
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Biophysical Profile (BPP)
Biophysical Profile (BPP)
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VEAL CHOP
VEAL CHOP
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Pregnancy Weight Gain
Pregnancy Weight Gain
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Pica
Pica
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Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
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"Lightening"
"Lightening"
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Ruptured Membranes (ROM)
Ruptured Membranes (ROM)
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Bloody show
Bloody show
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True Labor
True Labor
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Braxton Hicks Contractions
Braxton Hicks Contractions
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Spontaneous Labor
Spontaneous Labor
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When to Go to Hospital (Labor)
When to Go to Hospital (Labor)
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Leopold Maneuvers
Leopold Maneuvers
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Fetal Lie
Fetal Lie
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Reassuring Fetal Heart Tones
Reassuring Fetal Heart Tones
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Hydatidiform Mole
Hydatidiform Mole
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Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)
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Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)
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Invasive Mole
Invasive Mole
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Choriocarcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
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Complete Hydatidiform Mole
Complete Hydatidiform Mole
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Partial Hydatidiform Mole
Partial Hydatidiform Mole
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Presentation of Hydatidiform Mole
Presentation of Hydatidiform Mole
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Ultrasound Findings: Complete Mole
Ultrasound Findings: Complete Mole
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Treatment for Hydatidiform Mole
Treatment for Hydatidiform Mole
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Abnormal Labor
Abnormal Labor
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Meconium
Meconium
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Labor Induction
Labor Induction
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Induction Indications
Induction Indications
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Induction Contraindications
Induction Contraindications
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Cervical Ripening
Cervical Ripening
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Induction Methods
Induction Methods
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Oxytocin Use
Oxytocin Use
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Prostaglandins Use
Prostaglandins Use
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Membrane Stripping
Membrane Stripping
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Nipple stimulation in labor
Nipple stimulation in labor
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Amniotomy (AROM)
Amniotomy (AROM)
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Favorable (Ripe) Cervix
Favorable (Ripe) Cervix
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GBS Treatment During Labor
GBS Treatment During Labor
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C-Section Indications
C-Section Indications
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Placental Separation Signs
Placental Separation Signs
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Retained Placenta
Retained Placenta
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Placenta Accreta
Placenta Accreta
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Postpartum Hemorrhage Definition
Postpartum Hemorrhage Definition
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Uterine Atony
Uterine Atony
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Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
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Ectopic Pregnancy: Risk Factors
Ectopic Pregnancy: Risk Factors
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Ectopic Pregnancy: S/S
Ectopic Pregnancy: S/S
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Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: S/S
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: S/S
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Ectopic Pregnancy: Dx
Ectopic Pregnancy: Dx
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Ectopic Pregnancy: hCG levels
Ectopic Pregnancy: hCG levels
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
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Isoimmunization
Isoimmunization
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
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Abruptio Placenta
Abruptio Placenta
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Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa
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Septic Abortion
Septic Abortion
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Kernicterus
Kernicterus
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Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor
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SROM
SROM
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PROM
PROM
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PPROM
PPROM
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Diagnosis of ROM
Diagnosis of ROM
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Betamethasone/Dexamethasone
Betamethasone/Dexamethasone
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Chorioamnionitis
Chorioamnionitis
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Metritis
Metritis
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Metritis Causes
Metritis Causes
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Metritis S&S
Metritis S&S
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Metritis Dx
Metritis Dx
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Metritis Rx
Metritis Rx
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Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
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RDS Cause
RDS Cause
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RDS Infant Assessment
RDS Infant Assessment
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RDS Diagnosis
RDS Diagnosis
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RDS RX
RDS RX
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Hormonal Contraceptives
Hormonal Contraceptives
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Hormonal Contraceptive: Danger Signs
Hormonal Contraceptive: Danger Signs
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Combined Oral Contraceptives
Combined Oral Contraceptives
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Combined Pill Contraindications
Combined Pill Contraindications
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Progestin-Only Pills
Progestin-Only Pills
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Contraceptive Patch
Contraceptive Patch
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Contraceptive Ring
Contraceptive Ring
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Diaphragm Contraceptive
Diaphragm Contraceptive
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Cervical Cap
Cervical Cap
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Contraceptive Sponge
Contraceptive Sponge
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Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs)
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs)
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IUDs
IUDs
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Contraceptive Patch considerations
Contraceptive Patch considerations
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Cervical cap considerations
Cervical cap considerations
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Contraceptive sponges considerations
Contraceptive sponges considerations
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Infertility Definition (>35)
Infertility Definition (>35)
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Female Infertility Cause
Female Infertility Cause
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Male Factor Infertility
Male Factor Infertility
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Ovarian Stimulation Use
Ovarian Stimulation Use
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Common Ovulation Drug
Common Ovulation Drug
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Gonadotropins
Gonadotropins
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IVF Steps
IVF Steps
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Infertility Counseling Focus
Infertility Counseling Focus
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ART risks
ART risks
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Emergency Contraception (EC)
Emergency Contraception (EC)
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Plan B One Step/Next Choice
Plan B One Step/Next Choice
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Copper IUD (as EC)
Copper IUD (as EC)
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Ella (Ulipristal Acetate)
Ella (Ulipristal Acetate)
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Sterilization
Sterilization
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Vasectomy
Vasectomy
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Tubal Ligation
Tubal Ligation
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Minilaparotomy
Minilaparotomy
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Infertility
Infertility
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Hysteroscopy (for sterilization)
Hysteroscopy (for sterilization)
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IUD Contraindications
IUD Contraindications
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IUD Risks
IUD Risks
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Levonorgestrel IUDs
Levonorgestrel IUDs
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Copper IUD (ParaGard)
Copper IUD (ParaGard)
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Depo-Provera
Depo-Provera
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Depo-Provera Side Effect
Depo-Provera Side Effect
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Nexplanon Side Effects
Nexplanon Side Effects
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Emergency Contraception
Emergency Contraception
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Emergency Contraception
Emergency Contraception
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Study Notes
Amniocentesis
- Possible after 11 weeks gestation.
- Procedures performed before 15 weeks, are associated with fetal loss.
- Common indications: prenatal genetic studies and assessment of fetal lung maturity.
- Amniocentesis involves withdrawing amniotic fluid by needle via a transabdominal approach.
Gestational Hypertension PIH
- A.K.A. gestational HTN.
- Typically on the 2nd half of pregnancy, after 20 weeks but has *no proteinuria
- Can develop in 5-10% of pregnancies, 30% in multiple gestations, and 50% can progress into preeclampsia Causes 20% of maternal deaths, as associated w/ high perinatal M&M for the mother and fetus
Pre Eclampsia
- New onset HTN w/ *proteinuria, occurring after 20 weeks gestation with BP that measure >140/90 If it gets bad it turns into : HA, visual disturbances, and edema
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