15 Questions
Which of the following is true about codons?
Codons are triplets of nucleotides
What is the primary code system present in DNA?
Codon system
What is the maximum number of codons that can be formed using the four types of nucleotides in DNA?
64
Which of the following is a stop codon in genetic language?
UAG
What is the function of the start codon in genetic language?
To signal the beginning of the peptide chain formation
What is the concept of specificity in genetic language?
A particular type of codon signals insertion of only one type of amino acid
What is the role of Transfer RNA in genetic language?
To carry amino acids and match them with their corresponding codons
Which of the following is the start codon for protein synthesis in messenger RNA?
AUG
How many stop codons are there in the genetic code system?
3
What is the role of Transfer RNA in protein synthesis?
To bring specific types of amino acids according to the codons in messenger RNA
What is the consequence of abnormalities in the genetic code system?
Negative effects on organisms
Which type of cell mutations can result in inherited disorders?
Germ cell mutations
What is the genetic code?
A code for a particular type of message for protein synthesis
What is transcription?
The process of DNA leading to the formation of RNA
How many possible combinations of triplets or codons are there in the genetic code?
64
Study Notes
Understanding Mutations: Permanent Changes in DNA
- Mutations are permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that are not repaired and passed on to the next generation of cells.
- The altered nucleotide sequence must be heritable, meaning it passes on to the next generation of cells during cell replication or DNA replication.
- Mutations can occur in two types of cells: somatic cells and germ cells.
- Somatic cell mutations can occur before or after birth, resulting in congenital defects or abnormal cells with altered structural or functional properties.
- Mutations in germ cells can be passed on to the next generation and may result in inherited disorders.
- The genetic code is the master plan of life present in DNA, written by triplets of nucleotides.
- The genetic code is a special code for a particular type of message for protein synthesis.
- There are four bases in DNA: cytosine, adenine, thymine, and guanine, which can be combined in different fashions to form triplets or codons.
- There are 64 possible combinations of triplets or codons in the genetic code.
- Transcription is the process of DNA leading to the formation of RNA, while translation is the process of RNA being decoded by transfer RNA to make new proteins or peptide chains.
- Changes in DNA can result in alterations in RNA, which can lead to changes in protein and structural or functional abnormalities in cells.
- Understanding the genetic code is essential to understanding mutations and how changes in DNA can impact the formation of RNA and proteins, leading to cellular changes and inherited disorders.
Test your knowledge of mutations and their impact on DNA with this quiz. Learn about the different types of mutations, the genetic code, and how alterations in DNA can lead to inherited disorders.
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