30 Questions
During which stage of embryonic development is the embryo highly susceptible to teratogens and produces major morphological changes?
Embryonic Stage
What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide?
Interference with nucleic acids
Which of the following is an example of a teratogen that affects growth or functional aspects of the fetus?
Thalidomide
What is the effect of CN toxicity on the fetus?
Inhibits cytochrome oxidase
What is the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil?
Inhibition of thymidylate synthase
Which of the following is an example of a teratogen that affects the embryo through a deficiency of energy supply?
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibitors
What is the result of a chemical transformation caused by a mutagen?
Cytosine becomes uracil
What type of agents can cause a permanent alteration in the genetic information of a cell?
Mutagens
What is the effect of alkylating agents on DNA?
They add alkyl groups to DNA
What is the purpose of 5-bromouracil, 5-fluoroeoxyuridine, 2-aminopurine, and 6-mercaptopurine?
To treat cancer
What is the term for the process by which a mutagen causes a mutation?
Mutagenesis
What is the term for an agent that can cause a mutation?
Mutagen
What is the effect of carbon monoxide on the fetus?
Decreased oxygen supply
What is the result of mercury pollution in pregnant women?
Malformed and mentally retarded babies
What is the effect of vinyl chloride on sperm?
Sperm damage and malformation
What is the effect of lead on pregnancy?
Miscarriage, stillbirth, and increased mortality rate
What is the effect of rubella infection during pregnancy?
Cataract, deafness, and mental retardation
What is the effect of syphilis infection during pregnancy?
Hydrocephalus, deafness, and tooth malformation
What is a potential risk to a male fetus if estrogens are administered during pregnancy?
Feminization
Which of the following is a potential consequence of a mother taking diethylstilbestrol (DES) during the 1st trimester?
Adenocarcinoma of the vagina in girls 15-20 years later
What is a potential complication of ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin-II receptor Antagonists administration during pregnancy?
Neonatal anuria
What is the mortality rate of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN) associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)?
5-10%
What is the risk of poor neonatal adaptation (PNA) syndrome associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) exposure in late pregnancy?
10-30%
What is a potential consequence of androgens and progesterone administration during pregnancy?
Musculization of the fetus
What is the result of unequal division of chromosomes during cell division?
Aneuploidy
What is the term for the study of the etiology of abnormal development?
Teratology
What is the effect of colchicine on cell culture?
It induces polyploidy
What is the term for a cell with a single chromosome instead of a pair?
Monosomy
What is the effect of alkylating agents and ionizing radiation on chromosomes?
They cause breakage of chromosomes
During which stage of development is the embryo NOT susceptible to teratogenic agents?
Pre-implantation Stage
This quiz covers the basics of mutagenicity and teratogenicity, including gene mutations, chromosome aberrations, and the mechanisms of teratogens. It also explores various types of teratogens, such as pollution, infections, and maternal diseases.
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