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any change in the nuvleotide sequence of a gene or chromosome
any change in the nuvleotide sequence of a gene or chromosome
mutation
agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, which causes mutation
agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, which causes mutation
mutagens
change in melanin, tyrosine
change in melanin, tyrosine
albinism
presence of different colored eyes in the same person
presence of different colored eyes in the same person
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often called "trisomy 21"/ extra chromosome on the 21st pair
often called "trisomy 21"/ extra chromosome on the 21st pair
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occur in gametes(sperm and egg)
can be transmitted to offspring,
give one example
occur in gametes(sperm and egg) can be transmitted to offspring, give one example
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inherited blood disorder marked by flawed hemoglobin
inherited blood disorder marked by flawed hemoglobin
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occur in other cells of the body
little effect
cannot be inherited
example:
occur in other cells of the body little effect cannot be inherited example:
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aka chromosomal aberrations or alterations
changes occured within the chromosome
aka chromosomal aberrations or alterations changes occured within the chromosome
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types of chromosomal mutation
types of chromosomal mutation
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Study Notes
Mutation
- Any change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene or chromosome
- Caused by agents called mutagens, such as radiation or chemical substances
- May have little effect, or can significantly alter the function of a gene or chromosome
Mutagens
- Substances that cause mutations
- Examples include radiation and chemical substances
Types of Mutation
- Gene mutation: Changes within a gene
- Chromosomal mutation: Changes within a chromosome
Chromosomal Mutation
- Also called chromosomal aberrations or alterations
- Involve changes within a chromosome
- Examples include:
- Deletion: Removal of a portion of a chromosome
- Duplication: Repetition of a portion of a chromosome
- Inversion: Reversal of a portion of a chromosome
- Translocation: Transfer of a portion of one chromosome to another chromosome
Effects of Mutation
- Can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral
- Harmful mutations: Can cause diseases
- Beneficial mutations: Can lead to new traits and adaptations
Examples of Mutations
- Sickle cell anemia: Inherited blood disorder marked by flawed hemoglobin
- Down syndrome: Often called "trisomy 21", extra chromosome on the 21st pair
- Heterochromia: Presence of different colored eyes in the same person
Heritability of Mutations
- Germline mutations: Occur in gametes (sperm and egg)
- Can be transmitted to offspring
- Example: Sickle cell anemia
Somatic Mutations
- Occur in other cells of the body
- Cannot be inherited
- Example: Cancer
Melanin and Tyrosine
- Change in melanin and tyrosine can cause alterations in pigmentation, including changes in hair, skin, and eye color
- These changes may be caused by mutations or other factors like sun exposure.
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Description
Test your knowledge on any changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene or chromosome with this quiz. Explore different types of genetic mutations and their implications.
