Questions and Answers
What group of related genes regulates the formation of various body parts?
What is the process called that determines which genes are expressed and their quantity?
Transcription
What gene is responsible for a fly having three extra legs?
Hox Gene
Which operon contains genes that allow bacteria to break down lactose?
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What sugar is broken down by the enzymes coded in the Lac Operon?
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What is the term for the state when Tryptophan is not available in the environment?
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What is the site where RNA Polymerase binds called?
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What term refers to the genetic information passed on to all cells of the body?
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What term is used for mutations that are found only in a specific cell type?
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What type of mutation can lead to skin cancer caused by UV exposure?
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What type of mutation is transferred from egg and sperm cells?
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What type of mutation is not passed on to offspring?
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What term describes an autosomal dominant disorder?
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What type of mutation is caused by a change in the DNA sequence of the FBN1 gene?
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What results from a mutation in the HBB gene that codes for hemoglobin?
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What is a neutral mutation in the EYCL3 gene responsible for?
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What does a harmful mutation in the CFTR gene cause?
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What type of mutation in the LRP5 gene increases bone density?
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How do mutations of the BRAF gene in skin cells affect cell division?
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What results from mutations in the FRG2 gene in sperm cells?
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What does a mutation in the KRAS gene in lung cells promote?
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What term describes the mutations to gametes that can be passed on?
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What describes transfer of mutations to somatic cells?
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Where are mutations to somatic cells present?
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The sequence ATTGCATCf becomes _____ after inversion.
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What causes bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics?
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What type of mutation inhibits HIV from entering the host cell?
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What number of genes is needed to inherit a dominant disorder?
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What is an example of a harmful mutation in a wild wallaby?
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What describes a wallaby with albinism living in the zoo?
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What defines a spontaneous mutation in bacteria?
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What leads to variation among organisms?
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Which environmental factors could cause DNA mutation? (Select all that apply)
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What does genetic variation involve?
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What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation?
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Study Notes
Genetic Mutations Overview
- Hox genes regulate body part formation and development during embryogenesis.
- Transcription factors influence gene expression levels and patterns within cells.
Gene Functions and Mutations
- Hox gene mutations can lead to abnormal structures, such as extra limbs in organisms like flies.
- The Lac operon enables bacteria to metabolize lactose by expressing necessary enzymes.
Types of Mutations
- Inherited mutations are passed through reproductive cells (egg and sperm), affecting all body cells.
- Somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and are not inherited by offspring.
- Examples of somatic mutations include skin cancers caused by UV exposure and mutations in the BRAF and KRAS genes.
Mutation Classifications
- Harmful mutations can result in diseases or conditions, such as sickle cell anemia (HBB gene) and cystic fibrosis (CFTR gene).
- Beneficial mutations, such as those in the LRP5 gene, can enhance traits like bone density.
- Neutral mutations may have no significant effect, like variations regulating eye color.
Mutation Mechanisms and Causes
- DNA mutations can arise from natural processes or environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, smoking, and X-rays.
- Changes in the DNA sequence can lead to genetic modifications, influencing traits like antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Genetic Concepts
- Inversion refers to segments of DNA being flipped, causing potential functional changes.
- Genetic variation originates from mutations, particularly in organisms that reproduce asexually.
- Dominant genetic disorders usually require one dominant gene for inheritance.
Specific Conditions and Examples
- A mutation may inhibit HIV entry into host cells, providing potential benefits against infections.
- Albinism in wallabies serves as an example of a harmful mutation where pigmentation is absent, affecting survival.
- The absence of mRNA highlights a key difference in gene regulation between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Conclusion
- Understanding genetic mutations, their causes, and implications helps in the study of heredity, evolution, and disease management.
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Description
Test your knowledge on genetic mutations with these informative flashcards. Each card covers key terms such as Hox genes, transcription, and the Lac Operon. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of genetics.
