Questions and Answers
What is the national instrument of Myanmar?
Harp
What type of drum is played to bring in the harvest in Myanmar?
Double headed drum
What is the purpose of the drum played during royal occasions and auspicious gatherings?
To celebrate
What does the wind instrument consist of?
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What is the name of the large mouth organ made of bamboo found in Laos?
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What type of drum is commonly made from hardwood and animal skin in Laos?
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What is the pear-shaped lute called in Laos?
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How many wooden bars does the boat-shaped instrument in Laos consist of?
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What type of instrument is a hammered dulcimer or zither?
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Which ensemble is associated with Thailand?
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What is the name of the instrument that is a single free reed pipe in Thailand?
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What classification does the instrument 'Krachappi' fall under?
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Which of the following is an idiophone used in Cambodia?
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The Samphor is an aerophone in Cambodian music.
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What is a characteristic feature of the 'Dan Tranh' from Vietnam?
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Which country is associated with the Gamelan ensemble?
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The _____ is a one-string zither in Vietnam.
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What is a large double-barrel drum made of buffalo leather called?
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What type of instrument is a bowed string instrument that can have one to three strings?
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What type of drum is the Kendang?
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What is the diameter range of a hand-held frame drum?
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Match the following instruments to their regions:
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The reed wind instrument is played using a technique known as 'circle breathing'.
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What type of instrument is played by slapping the head of the instrument with hands?
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What instrument is characterized as a double-headed drum of varying sizes?
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What determines the sound produced by small different-sized tuned hand drums?
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A zither is a three-string instrument that looks like a crocodile.
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Match the following drumming instruments with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Music of Southeast Asia
Thailand
- Prominent ensembles include Khrueangsai, Mahori, and Piphat.
- Pi so: A single free reed aerophone, produces sound by blowing into the top end.
- Krachappi: A chordophone, free reed pipe producing sound similarly.
- Jhakae: A long-necked plucked lute with four strings.
- Calung: An idiophone made of bamboo tubes, struck at the base for sound.
- Thon and ramamana: Hand-played goblet and frame drums respectively.
Cambodia
- Main ensembles are Pinpeat and Mohory.
- Chhing: Finger cymbals classified as idiophones.
- Kongvong: Circular framed gongs struck with mallets for sound.
- Oneat: Thick bronze idiophone producing tones by striking.
- Samphor: A traditional membranophone, played with hands.
- Skorthom: A percussion instrument made of thick bars suspended on strings.
Vietnam
- Notable styles include Hue style and Northern Professional Style.
- Dan Tranh: Sixteen-string chordophone zither known for its melodic capabilities.
- Dan bau: A unique one-string chordophone producing rustic sounds.
- Dan Sen: A bamboo-like chordophone with a serene tone.
- Sao Truc: An aerophone instrument played by plucking.
- Dan nhi: A two-stringed lute typical in Vietnamese traditional music.
Indonesia
- Gamelan is a key ensemble with unique instruments.
- Kendang: Double-headed barrel drum, integral to gamelan music.
- Angklung: Idiophone made of bamboo tubes, producing sound through shaking.
- Bedug: A large membranophone played by striking the skin head.
- Tabla: A percussion instrument producing intrinsic rhythms.
- Bhaya: Another membranophone, integral to ensemble performance.
General Observations
- Each country showcases a rich diversity of instruments categorized as aerophones, chordophones, idiophones, and membranophones.
- Traditional ensembles play a vital role in cultural ceremonies and celebrations across Southeast Asia.
- Emphasis on both melodic and rhythmic complexity is common among Southeast Asian musical practices.### Bowed String Instruments
- Bowed string instruments have one to three strings and resemble small lutes in shape.
Malaysian Musical Instruments
- Agung and Kulintang are notable examples of traditional Malaysian music.
- Membranophones include the Kompang and Gedombak, with the Kompang being a hand-held frame drum made from hardwood and goat skin, typically 20-40 cm in diameter.
- Serunai is a reed wind instrument, characterized by a technique called "circle breathing."
- Chordophones include Kesi and the double-headed drum, which are central to gamelan ensembles.
- An idiophone is represented by the Kertok, a unique percussion instrument played by striking the fixed discs.
Singaporean Musical Culture
- Singaporean orchestras, such as the Singapore Chinese Orchestra and Singapore Symphony Orchestra, often include Kulintang and Kompang.
- Kompang, played at weddings, is around 40 cm in diameter and produces ceremonial sounds.
- The Rebana is a hand-played drum often used in worship time notifications.
Traditional Music of Brunei
- Brunei's traditional music includes Gambus, a short-necked lute, and Gulintangan, an idiophone with a gong-like sound.
- Folk music is significant for its cultural connections across Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
- Brass gongs used in ceremonies can summon gatherings and are played by accomplished musicians during special events.
Musical Instruments of Myanmar
- Hsaing waing includes the Pat waing, made of bamboo plates above a resonating box.
- The Saung gauk, known as Myanmar's national instrument, is an angular harp with 13 strings.
- Zithers and various drums represent the wide array of traditional instruments, each associated with cultural practices and events.
Laotian Instruments
- The Khene is a prominent aerophone and a large mouth organ made from bamboo pipes.
- The Phin and Ranat are chordophones, contributing to the unique soundscape of Lao music.### Khim
- A chordophone type of instrument featuring pipes.
- Connected to a hollowed-out hardwood reservoir for air circulation.
Drum
- Constructed from hardwood and animal skin.
- Features a frog shape on the drum head, believed to invoke rain when played.
Lute
- Takes the form of a pear-shaped body.
- Equipped with two or three plucked metal strings played with a pick held in the right hand.
Boat-Shaped Instrument
- Comprises 21 wooden bars, resembling a boat.
- Played by striking the bars with two mallets.
Hammered Dulcimer or Zither
- Functions as a hammered dulcimer or zither.
- Contains bass strings that produce sound when struck with bamboo hammers.
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Description
Explore the rich musical heritage of Southeast Asia with a focus on the traditional instruments and ensembles from Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. This quiz delves into unique instruments like the Pi so and Dan Tranh, offering insights into the various musical styles that characterize each country.
