REVIEW-CHART-ON-MUSIC-OF-SOUTHEAST-ASIA.docx

MUSIC OF SOUTHEAST ASIA +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **COUNTRY** | **ENSEMBLES | **MUSICAL | **CLASSIFIC | **DESCRIPTI | | | ** | INSTRUMENTS | ATIONS** | ON** | | | | ** | |...

MUSIC OF SOUTHEAST ASIA +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **COUNTRY** | **ENSEMBLES | **MUSICAL | **CLASSIFIC | **DESCRIPTI | | | ** | INSTRUMENTS | ATIONS** | ON** | | | | ** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | THAILAND | Khrueangsai | Pi so | Aerophone | A single | | | , | | | free reed | | | Mahori, | Krachappi | Chordophone | pipe which | | | Piphat | | | will sound | | | | Jhakae | Chordophone | by blowing | | | | | | the top end | | | | Calung | Idiophone | of the | | | | | | instrument | | | | Thon and | Membranopho | at an | | | | | ne | oblique | | | | rammana | | angle to | | | | | | cover the | | | | | | reed. | | | | | | | | | | | | A | | | | | | long-necked | | | | | | plucked | | | | | | lute which | | | | | | has four | | | | | | strings. | | | | | | | | | | | | A string | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | which is | | | | | | approximate | | | | | | ly | | | | | | 20 cm high | | | | | | and 140 cm | | | | | | long. It | | | | | | has two | | | | | | strings | | | | | | made of | | | | | | silk and | | | | | | another two | | | | | | strings | | | | | | made of | | | | | | brass. | | | | | | | | | | | | It consists | | | | | | of multiple | | | | | | bamboo | | | | | | tubes which | | | | | | are struck | | | | | | at the base | | | | | | to produce | | | | | | a woody | | | | | | sound. | | | | | | | | | | | | They are | | | | | | hand drums | | | | | | played as a | | | | | | pair. It | | | | | | consists of | | | | | | two drums: | | | | | | thon goblet | | | | | | drum with | | | | | | ceramic or | | | | | | wooden body | | | | | | and ramana, | | | | | | a small | | | | | | rebana-type | | | | | | d | | | | | | frame drum. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | CAMBODIA | Pinpeat, | Chhing | Idiophone | Finger | | | Mohory | | | cymbals | | | | Kongvong | Idiophone | that are | | | | | | made of | | | | Oneat | Idiophone | thick and | | | | | | heavy | | | | Samphor | Membranopho | bronze. The | | | | | ne | player | | | | Skorthom | | strikes | | | | | Membranopho | them | | | | | ne | together, | | | | | | one in each | | | | | | hand to | | | | | | produce a | | | | | | sound. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is | | | | | | composed of | | | | | | gongs | | | | | | arranged in | | | | | | a circular | | | | | | frame made | | | | | | of hardwood | | | | | | or ivory. | | | | | | The player | | | | | | strikes | | | | | | them using | | | | | | the mallet | | | | | | to produce | | | | | | a sound. | | | | | | | | | | | | It has | | | | | | twenty-one | | | | | | thick bars | | | | | | that are | | | | | | suspended | | | | | | from | | | | | | strings | | | | | | attached to | | | | | | the two | | | | | | walls. It | | | | | | is built in | | | | | | the shape | | | | | | of a | | | | | | curved, | | | | | | rectangular | | | | | | shaped | | | | | | boat. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | small | | | | | | two-headed | | | | | | barrel | | | | | | drum. One | | | | | | drum head | | | | | | is larger | | | | | | than the | | | | | | other. It | | | | | | is played | | | | | | with | | | | | | | | | | | | both hands. | | | | | | | | | | | | Two headed | | | | | | barrel | | | | | | drums | | | | | | played with | | | | | | a pair of | | | | | | wooden | | | | | | drumsticks. | | | | | | The | | | | | | skinheads | | | | | | are made | | | | | | from oxen, | | | | | | cows or | | | | | | buffalos. | | | | | | The drums | | | | | | are tuned | | | | | | in such a | | | | | | way that | | | | | | one will | | | | | | give a | | | | | | tight sound | | | | | | while the | | | | | | other a | | | | | | loose tone. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | VIETNAM | Hue style, | Dan Tranh | Chordophone | A | | | Northern | | | sixteen-str | | | Professiona | Dan bau | Chordophone | ing | | | l | | | zither that | | | Style | Dan Sen | Chordophone | looks like | | | | | | a bamboo | | | | Dan Nhi | Chordophone | tube. It is | | | | | | played by | | | | Sao Truc | Aerophone | plucking | | | | | | the | | | | | | strings. | | | | | | | | | | | | A one | | | | | | string | | | | | | zither | | | | | | stringed | | | | | | instrument. | | | | | | It produces | | | | | | an | | | | | | extremely | | | | | | rustic | | | | | | sound. | | | | | | | | | | | | One of the | | | | | | Vietnamese | | | | | | lutes. It | | | | | | has two | | | | | | strings, | | | | | | attached to | | | | | | a slender | | | | | | neck and | | | | | | frets | | | | | | | | | | | | A bowed | | | | | | string | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | which has | | | | | | two | | | | | | strings. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is made | | | | | | of bamboo | | | | | | which has | | | | | | an airflow | | | | | | that can be | | | | | | adjusted by | | | | | | pouring the | | | | | | steam | | | | | | slowly and | | | | | | strongly | | | | | | produce | | | | | | different | | | | | | tones. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | INDONESIA | Gamelan | Kendang | Membranopho | Double-head | | | | | ne | ed | | | | Angklung | | barrel drum | | | | | Idiophone | placed | | | | Bedug | | inside a | | | | | Membranopho | frame. It | | | | Tabla and | ne | is played | | | | Bhaya | | by hitting | | | | | Membranopho | the skin | | | | Rebab | ne | head using | | | | | | a beater. | | | | | Chordophone | | | | | | | A bamboo | | | | | | musical | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | with | | | | | | varying | | | | | | number of | | | | | | bamboo | | | | | | tubes | | | | | | attached to | | | | | | a bamboo | | | | | | frame. It | | | | | | is played | | | | | | by both | | | | | | hands. One | | | | | | will hold | | | | | | the frame | | | | | | while the | | | | | | other | | | | | | shakes the | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | which | | | | | | causes a | | | | | | repeating | | | | | | note to | | | | | | sound. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | large | | | | | | double-barr | | | | | | el | | | | | | drum made | | | | | | of buffalo | | | | | | leather. | | | | | | Both heads | | | | | | are equal | | | | | | in size | | | | | | which | | | | | | produces a | | | | | | strong | | | | | | sound. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | pair of | | | | | | small | | | | | | different-s | | | | | | ized | | | | | | tuned hand | | | | | | drums. The | | | | | | sound | | | | | | produced | | | | | | varies | | | | | | depending | | | | | | on finger | | | | | | and hand | | | | | | strokes of | | | | | | the player. | | | | | | | | | | | | A bowed | | | | | | string | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | which has | | | | | | one to | | | | | | three | | | | | | strings. It | | | | | | is shaped | | | | | | like a | | | | | | small lute. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | MALAYSIA | Agung and | Kompang | Membranopho | It is a | | | Kulintang, | | ne | single-side | | | Dikir | Gendang | | d | | | Barat, | | Membranopho | hand-held | | | Kertok, and | Serunai | ne | frame drum. | | | Silat | | | Its size | | | Melayu | Gedombak | Aerophone | ranges from | | | | | | about 20-40 | | | | Kesi | Chordophone | cm in | | | | | | diameter. | | | | | Idiophone | The frame | | | | | | is made of | | | | | | hardwood | | | | | | and its | | | | | | head is | | | | | | made from | | | | | | goat skin | | | | | | hide. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | double | | | | | | -headed | | | | | | drum of | | | | | | varying | | | | | | sizes made | | | | | | of | | | | | | cowhides. | | | | | | It is one | | | | | | of the | | | | | | primary | | | | | | instruments | | | | | | used in | | | | | | gamelan | | | | | | ensemble. | | | | | | | | | | | | A reed wind | | | | | | instrument, | | | | | | played | | | | | | using a | | | | | | technique | | | | | | known as | | | | | | "circle | | | | | | breathing". | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | single-head | | | | | | ed | | | | | | drum which | | | | | | is covered | | | | | | by a skin | | | | | | on one end | | | | | | and it is | | | | | | open on the | | | | | | other end. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is | | | | | | played by | | | | | | slapping | | | | | | the head of | | | | | | the | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | with hands. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is | | | | | | played by | | | | | | striking | | | | | | the fixed | | | | | | discs which | | | | | | the | | | | | | performer | | | | | | holds with | | | | | | his hands. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | SINGAPORE | Singapore | Kulintang | Idiophone | A row of | | | Chinese | | | small and | | | Orchestra, | Kompang | Membranopho | horizontall | | | Singapore | | ne | y | | | Symphony | Rebana | | laid gongs | | | Orchestra | | Membranopho | that plays | | | | Taphon | ne | the melody | | | | | | section of | | | | | Membranopho | a musical | | | | | ne | piece. | | | | | | | | | | | | A | | | | | | percussion | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | commonly | | | | | | played at | | | | | | weddings. | | | | | | It has | | | | | | approximate | | | | | | ly | | | | | | 40 cm in | | | | | | diameter | | | | | | with a | | | | | | narrow | | | | | | circular | | | | | | frame. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | drum which | | | | | | will sound | | | | | | to notify | | | | | | people for | | | | | | worship | | | | | | time. | | | | | | | | | | | | Barrel-shap | | | | | | ed | | | | | | with two | | | | | | heads and | | | | | | it is | | | | | | played by | | | | | | both hands. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | BRUNEI | Traditional | Gambus | Chordophone | It is a | | | music of | | | short-necke | | | Brunei has | Gulintangan | Idiophone | d | | | | | | lute. It | | | existed for | Tawak-tawak | Idiophone | has 12 | | | centuries. | | | strings | | | It also | | | which are | | | shares some | | | plucked | | | cultural | | | using a | | | perspective | | | plastic | | | s | | | plectrum to | | | and links | | | produce a | | | with | | | sound. | | | countries | | | | | | like | | | It is a | | | Singapore, | | | round-shape | | | Malaysia, | | | d | | | Philippines | | | instrument | | | , | | | that | | | etc. Folk | | | produces a | | | music of | | | gong-like | | | Brunei is | | | sound. | | | played by | | | | | | accomplishe | | | It is a | | | d | | | gong made | | | musicians | | | of brass. | | | at special | | | Its sound | | | ceremonies | | | is used to | | | and | | | call people | | | celebration | | | together. | | | s. | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | MYANMAR | Hsaing | Pat waing | Idiophone | It consists | | | waing | | | of 24 | | | | Pattala | Idiophone | bamboo | | | | | | plate | | | | Mi gyaung | Chordophone | placed | | | | | | above a | | | | Saung gauk | Chordophone | resonating | | | | | | box | | | | Dobat | Membranopho | starting | | | | | ne | with the | | | | Sidaw | | lowest | | | | | Membranopho | pitch on | | | | Palwei | ne | | | | | | | the | | | | | Aerophone | player's | | | | | | left side | | | | | | and the | | | | | | highest | | | | | | pitch on | | | | | | the | | | | | | player's | | | | | | right side. | | | | | | | | | | | | It consists | | | | | | of 24 | | | | | | bamboo | | | | | | plate | | | | | | placed | | | | | | above a | | | | | | resonating | | | | | | box | | | | | | starting | | | | | | with the | | | | | | lowest | | | | | | pitch on | | | | | | | | | | | | the | | | | | | player's | | | | | | left side | | | | | | and the | | | | | | highest | | | | | | pitch on | | | | | | the | | | | | | player's | | | | | | right side. | | | | | | | | | | | | Three-strin | | | | | | ged | | | | | | zither | | | | | | which looks | | | | | | like a | | | | | | crocodile. | | | | | | The strings | | | | | | are played | | | | | | with a | | | | | | plectrum. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is an | | | | | | angular | | | | | | harp which | | | | | | has 13 | | | | | | strings. It | | | | | | is regarded | | | | | | as the | | | | | | national | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | of Myanmar. | | | | | | | | | | | | A double | | | | | | headed drum | | | | | | played to | | | | | | bring in | | | | | | the harvest | | | | | | or to call | | | | | | for rain | | | | | | when the | | | | | | monsoon is | | | | | | late. | | | | | | | | | | | | A drum | | | | | | played | | | | | | during | | | | | | royal | | | | | | occasions | | | | | | and | | | | | | auspicious | | | | | | gatherings. | | | | | | Historicall | | | | | | y, | | | | | | it is | | | | | | played | | | | | | during the | | | | | | entrance | | | | | | and exit of | | | | | | the king | | | | | | and queen. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | wind | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | which | | | | | | consist of | | | | | | a hallow | | | | | | tube played | | | | | | by blowing | | | | | | through a | | | | | | whole at | | | | | | one | | | | | | | | | | | | end. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | LAOS | Sep Nyai, | Khene | Aerophone | A large | | | Sep Noi | | | mouth | | | | Kong | Membranopho | bamboo | | | | | ne | organ with | | | | Phin | | pipes that | | | | | Chordophone | are usually | | | | Ranat | | made of | | | | | Chordophone | bamboo. The | | | | Khim | | pipes are | | | | | Chordophone | connected | | | | | | with a | | | | | | small, | | | | | | hollowed-ou | | | | | | t | | | | | | hardwood | | | | | | reservoir | | | | | | into which | | | | | | air is | | | | | | blown. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | drum made | | | | | | from | | | | | | hardwood | | | | | | and | | | | | | animal's | | | | | | skin. It | | | | | | has a frog | | | | | | shape on | | | | | | the drum | | | | | | head which | | | | | | | | | | | | people | | | | | | believe | | | | | | that when | | | | | | it is | | | | | | played it | | | | | | can bring | | | | | | out rain. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is one | | | | | | of the | | | | | | types of | | | | | | lute with a | | | | | | pear-shaped | | | | | | body. It | | | | | | has two or | | | | | | three metal | | | | | | strings | | | | | | that are | | | | | | plucked by | | | | | | a pick held | | | | | | in the | | | | | | right hand | | | | | | while | | | | | | playing. | | | | | | | | | | | | A | | | | | | boat-shaped | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | which | | | | | | consists of | | | | | | 21 wooden | | | | | | bars. It is | | | | | | played by | | | | | | striking | | | | | | the | | | | | | instrument | | | | | | using the | | | | | | two | | | | | | mallets. | | | | | | | | | | | | It is a | | | | | | hammered | | | | | | dulcimer or | | | | | | zither. It | | | | | | has bass | | | | | | strings | | | | | | which will | | | | | | sound by | | | | | | striking | | | | | | the strings | | | | | | with bamboo | | | | | | hammers. | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+