Music History: Classical Period Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the various uses of the word 'classical'? (Select all that apply)

  • Applied to Ancient Greek and Roman art (correct)
  • Music of Western European tradition (correct)
  • Associated with modern art
  • Qualities of simplicity, dignity, and logical order (correct)

    • List 5 characteristics of the Classical period.

    Contrast of mood, Rhythm, Clarity of form, Texture, Polished and refined.

    What are the dates of the Classical period?

    1750-1820

    Name 3 composers of the Viennese School.

    <p>Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavy Baroque style gave way to the more graceful intimate ________.

    <p>Rococo style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ attempted to recapture the 'noble simplicity and calm grandeur' of the Ancient Greek and Roman art.

    <p>Neoclassical style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term _______ was applied to light and graceful music.

    <p>Galant style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transition from the Baroque to the Classical period called and what are the dates?

    <p>Preclassical period, 1730-1770</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classical composers of operas used?

    <p>Common ideals found in many of the disciplines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classical period moved away from polyphony and more towards __________.

    <p>Tuneful melody; simple harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sound of Classical music can be described as having ________, ________, _______ that are supported by chords.

    <p>Uncomplicated, clear, singable melodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classical composers idealize a ________ between emotion and intellect.

    <p>Balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Medieval Period, the music center was Paris (Notre Dame), in the Renaissance it moved towards Venice (San Marco), but in the Classical Period the musical center is in?

    <p>Vienna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 sections of a Classical Orchestra?

    <p>Strings, Woodwinds, Brass, Percussion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the breakdown of movements in Classical compositions?

    <p>1: fast, 2: slow, 3: dance-related, 4: fast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ and ________ usually follow this four-movement pattern.

    <p>Classical symphonies and string quartets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What revolutions and movements happened in the Classical Period?

    <p>American and French Revolutions, Napoleonic Wars, power shift to middle class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Age of Enlightenment?

    <p>Revolt against supernatural religion and church, moves towards more natural religion and practical morality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Janissary Band and where did it originate?

    <p>Elite corps of mounted musicians composed of players on shawm and bass drum, originated in Turkey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did these bands affect the makeup of Western orchestras?

    <p>Established percussion instruments of Turkish origin as permanent members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 sections of the Sonata or Sonata Allegro Form?

    <p>Exposition, development, and recapitulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the pianoforte and in what year?

    <p>Bartolomeo Cristofori, 1709.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between pianoforte and harpsichord?

    <p>Pianoforte could produce degrees of volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of keys on a piano?

    <p>88</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title and volume of Charles Burney's first history book?

    <p>A General History of Music, from the Earliest Ages to Present Period, Volume 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Empfindsamer Stil and Empfindsamkeit?

    <p>Stil: sensitive, melancholy; Keit: abrupt style changes, storm and stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the famous German conductor located in Mannheim and was also the court's violinist?

    <p>Johan Stämitz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List characteristics of the Mannheim School.

    <p>Mannheim Crescendo, Mannheim Rocket, Mannheim Roller, Mannheim Sigh, Mannheim Birds, Mannheim Climax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was influential in the development of the Classical style for Haydn and others?

    <p>Giovanni Battista Sammartini.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the organist at the St. Sophia Church in Dresden?

    <p>Wilhelm Freidemann Bach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was a master harpsichordist and became the director of music in Hamburg?

    <p>Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is regarded as the most important practical book on music of the 18th century?

    <p>The True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the catalogue letters 'Wq' mean?

    <p>Wotquenne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'C.P.E.' stand for in C.P.E. Bach?

    <p>Carl Philipp Emanuel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the 'London' Bach?

    <p>Johann Christian Bach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of Johann Bach's famous pupils.

    <p>W.A. Mozart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    J.C. Bach's music includes a new emphasis on ________ and a shift to concert hall forms.

    <p>Emotional expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    J.C. Bach's music also shows a conscious feathering of _______.

    <p>Virtuoso instrumentation registration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Joseph Boulogne commonly called?

    <p>Chevalier de Saint-Georges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He was one of the pioneering composers of the ______, a genre popular in the late 18th century.

    <p>Symphonie concertante.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Not only was he an important musician in Paris, but he was also a Colonel of the _________.

    <p>Legion des Hussards Americains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Le Cercle de l'Harmonie' mean?

    <p>Circle of Harmony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symphonies of Haydn's did Saint-Georges premiere?

    <p>Paris Symphonies, No. 82-87.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the German composer whose reform of opera had a far-reaching influence?

    <p>Christoph Willibald Gluck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He began to develop a style intended to restore the original purpose of expressing the _______ or _________ conveyed by the words.

    <p>Meaning; Emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Gluck's famous opera.

    <p>Orfeo et Euridice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the opera commissioned by the director of the Paris Opera for Gluck and Piccinni?

    <p>Iphigénie en Tauride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List 5 opera reforms introduced during the Classical period.

    <p>Renewed emphasis on dramatic qualities, less rigid structure, moved away from virtuosi elements, more dramatic use of orchestra, reappearance of chorus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On his deathbed, Salieri confessed to killing who?

    <p>Mozart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Antonio Salieri's famous pupils.

    <p>Beethoven, Schubert, Czerny, Hummel, Liszt, Mozart's sons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Salieri's most successful opera?

    <p>Tarare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haydn is known mostly for the development of the ______ year and the establishment of the ______.

    <p>Symphony; String quartet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Joseph Haydn's nicknames?

    <p>'Papa' Haydn, 'Father of Symphony', 'Father of String Quartet'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What melodic material did Haydn frequently use in his music?

    <p>Folk music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Was Haydn influenced by Empfindsamer Stil?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what family did Haydn serve for over 30 years?

    <p>Esterházy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Haydn's two great oratorios.

    <p>The Creation; The Seasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cataloguer and letter for Joseph Haydn's music?

    <p>Hoboken (H).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Rosenbaum and what is his relationship to Haydn?

    <p>A phrenologist who collected heads; he stole Haydn's head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city is the provincial center of the arts during the Classical period?

    <p>Vienna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Write Mozart's complete name.

    <p>Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilius Amadeus Mozart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mozart's earliest compositions include ________ at age 6, first ________ at age 9, first _______ at age 11 and _______ at age 12.

    <p>Minuets; Symphony; Oratorio; Opera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He was influenced by ________ as a child and later in life by ______.

    <p>J.C. Bach; J.S. Bach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many piano concertos did Mozart write?

    <p>Over 20.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Mozart's three Italian operas (in English and Italian).

    <p>The Marriage of Figaro (Le nozze di Figaro), Women Are Like That (Cosi Fan Tutte), Don Juan (Don Giovanni).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Mozart's greatest singspiel (in English and German).

    <p>Die Zauberflöte (Magic Flute).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Mozart's thematic cataloguer and letter?

    <p>Ludwig Ritter von Köchel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Mozart's last composition.

    <p>Requiem K. 626.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a popular chamber piece by Mozart.

    <p>Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many symphonies did Mozart write?

    <ol start="41"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was W.A. Mozart's librettist for his 3 Italian operas?

    <p>Lorenzo da Ponte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lorenzo da Ponte moved to the U.S. and became the first what?

    <p>Professor of Italian language and literature at Columbia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Don Giovanni is a?

    <p>Dramma Giocoso.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote the libretto for The Magic Flute?

    <p>Emanuel Schikaneder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number that Mozart uses throughout The Magic Flute? Name each one.

    <p>3: Dominant key is Eb, opera opens with 3 chords repeated at entrance of 3 Ladies and 3 Boys, and Tamino is subjected to 3 trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What famous society was Mozart a member of?

    <p>Freemasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the instrumentation of Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?

    <p>Chorus with soloists (soprano, alto, tenor bass), 2 basset horns (clarinet), 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, strings and organ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who finished Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?

    <p>Franz Xaver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was Mozart buried?

    <p>St. Marx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Beethoven's teachers.

    <p>Christian Neefe, Johann George Albrechtsberger, Antonio Salieri, Haydn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Heiligenstadt Testament?

    <p>Letter written by Beethoven about his illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As an individualist, Beethoven was the first musician to manage to free himself from the position of a mere servant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Beethoven's traits.

    <p>Power of rhythm, Melodic expansion, Dynamic contrasts, Clarity of themes, motives, and their development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beethoven's basis of music is in the style of what two composers?

    <p>C.P.E. Bach and Mozart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two great musical trends of the 19th century based on Ludwig van Beethoven are?

    <p>Conservative line, Neo-German school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name Beethoven's three periods and the major compositions in each.

    <p>Early Period (1792-1802): Symphonies 1, 2; Middle Period (1803-1816): Symphonies 3-8, Fidelio; Late Period (1817-1827): Diabelli (variations), Missa Solemnis, 9th Symphony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the other names for Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, 6, and 9?

    <p>No. 3 'Eroica'; No. 6 'The Pastoral'; No. 9 'The Choral'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extended variation-finale is a setting for soloist and chorus of Friedrich von Schiller's ______________.

    <p>No. 9 in Dm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name 5 characteristics of Beethoven's Symphony No. 3.

    <p>Expansion of the form, Harmonic novelties, Rhythmic boldness, New passionate sound language, Insertion of funeral march.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This person is best remembered for his association with Beethoven who wrote the _______________ for him.

    <p>Kreutzer Sonata Op. 47.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classical Period Overview

    • The "classical" term refers to Ancient Greek/Roman art, Western European music, and qualities such as simplicity and logical order.
    • The period is characterized by contrast of mood, clarity of form, polished texture, and refined rhythmic structures.

    Timeframe

    • Classical period spans from 1750 to 1820.
    • Transition from Baroque to Classical identified as the Preclassical period (1730-1770).

    Composers and Schools

    • Notable composers of the Viennese School include Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven.
    • Rococo style emerged as a graceful contrast to the heaviness of Baroque music, enjoying light colors and curves.

    Musical Innovations

    • Classical composers strong in tuneful melodies supported by simple harmonies, moving away from polyphony.
    • Instruments in a typical Classical orchestra include strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.

    Operatic Developments

    • Opera composers integrated common ideals from various disciplines to enhance storytelling.
    • Significant operatic reforms emphasized dramatic qualities and less rigid structures, along with orchestral enhancements.

    Historical Context

    • The era saw the American and French Revolutions and a power shift to the middle class.
    • The Age of Enlightenment encouraged moves towards natural religion and practical morality.

    Instrumentation and Composition

    • Bartolomeo Cristofori invented the pianoforte in 1709, allowing volume variation unlike harpsichords.
    • Mozart's operatic contributions include "The Marriage of Figaro," "Cosi Fan Tutte," and "Don Giovanni," highlighting his collaboration with librettist Lorenzo da Ponte.

    Influential Musicians

    • Giovanni Battista Sammartini influenced the Classical style development, while influential figures in orchestration included Christoph Willibald Gluck, known for his operatic reforms.
    • Johann Christian Bach, known as the "London" Bach, significantly impacted symphonic development in Paris.

    Beethovens's Contributions

    • Beethoven transitioned from servant to an independent musician, exhibiting melodic expansion and thematic clarity.
    • His Symphonies No. 3 ("Eroica"), 6 ("Pastoral"), and 9 ("Choral") mark significant evolution in forms and emotional depth.

    Notable Works and Legacy

    • Joseph Haydn, referred to as "Papa" and "Father of Symphony," heavily utilized folk music in compositions, notably "The Creation" and "The Seasons."
    • Mozart's final work was the Requiem K. 626, and he is remembered for his contributions to chamber music such as "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik."

    Final Notes

    • The Classical period is marked by significant orchestral development and the amalgamation of various musical styles that shaped future musical trajectories.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the key concepts of the Classical Period in music history, including its definition, characteristics, and relevant dates. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of the Classical era's influence on Western music and art.

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