Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes the various uses of the word 'classical'? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following describes the various uses of the word 'classical'? (Select all that apply)
- Applied to Ancient Greek and Roman art (correct)
- Music of Western European tradition (correct)
- Associated with modern art
- Qualities of simplicity, dignity, and logical order (correct)
List 5 characteristics of the Classical period.
List 5 characteristics of the Classical period.
Contrast of mood, Rhythm, Clarity of form, Texture, Polished and refined.
What are the dates of the Classical period?
What are the dates of the Classical period?
1750-1820
Name 3 composers of the Viennese School.
Name 3 composers of the Viennese School.
Heavy Baroque style gave way to the more graceful intimate ________.
Heavy Baroque style gave way to the more graceful intimate ________.
________ attempted to recapture the 'noble simplicity and calm grandeur' of the Ancient Greek and Roman art.
________ attempted to recapture the 'noble simplicity and calm grandeur' of the Ancient Greek and Roman art.
The term _______ was applied to light and graceful music.
The term _______ was applied to light and graceful music.
What is the transition from the Baroque to the Classical period called and what are the dates?
What is the transition from the Baroque to the Classical period called and what are the dates?
Classical composers of operas used?
Classical composers of operas used?
Classical period moved away from polyphony and more towards __________.
Classical period moved away from polyphony and more towards __________.
The sound of Classical music can be described as having ________, ________, _______ that are supported by chords.
The sound of Classical music can be described as having ________, ________, _______ that are supported by chords.
Classical composers idealize a ________ between emotion and intellect.
Classical composers idealize a ________ between emotion and intellect.
In the Medieval Period, the music center was Paris (Notre Dame), in the Renaissance it moved towards Venice (San Marco), but in the Classical Period the musical center is in?
In the Medieval Period, the music center was Paris (Notre Dame), in the Renaissance it moved towards Venice (San Marco), but in the Classical Period the musical center is in?
What are the 4 sections of a Classical Orchestra?
What are the 4 sections of a Classical Orchestra?
What is the breakdown of movements in Classical compositions?
What is the breakdown of movements in Classical compositions?
_________ and ________ usually follow this four-movement pattern.
_________ and ________ usually follow this four-movement pattern.
What revolutions and movements happened in the Classical Period?
What revolutions and movements happened in the Classical Period?
What is the Age of Enlightenment?
What is the Age of Enlightenment?
What is a Janissary Band and where did it originate?
What is a Janissary Band and where did it originate?
How did these bands affect the makeup of Western orchestras?
How did these bands affect the makeup of Western orchestras?
What are the 3 sections of the Sonata or Sonata Allegro Form?
What are the 3 sections of the Sonata or Sonata Allegro Form?
Who invented the pianoforte and in what year?
Who invented the pianoforte and in what year?
What is the difference between pianoforte and harpsichord?
What is the difference between pianoforte and harpsichord?
What is the number of keys on a piano?
What is the number of keys on a piano?
What was the title and volume of Charles Burney's first history book?
What was the title and volume of Charles Burney's first history book?
What is the difference between Empfindsamer Stil and Empfindsamkeit?
What is the difference between Empfindsamer Stil and Empfindsamkeit?
Who was the famous German conductor located in Mannheim and was also the court's violinist?
Who was the famous German conductor located in Mannheim and was also the court's violinist?
List characteristics of the Mannheim School.
List characteristics of the Mannheim School.
Who was influential in the development of the Classical style for Haydn and others?
Who was influential in the development of the Classical style for Haydn and others?
Who was the organist at the St. Sophia Church in Dresden?
Who was the organist at the St. Sophia Church in Dresden?
Who was a master harpsichordist and became the director of music in Hamburg?
Who was a master harpsichordist and became the director of music in Hamburg?
What is regarded as the most important practical book on music of the 18th century?
What is regarded as the most important practical book on music of the 18th century?
What do the catalogue letters 'Wq' mean?
What do the catalogue letters 'Wq' mean?
What does 'C.P.E.' stand for in C.P.E. Bach?
What does 'C.P.E.' stand for in C.P.E. Bach?
Who is known as the 'London' Bach?
Who is known as the 'London' Bach?
Name one of Johann Bach's famous pupils.
Name one of Johann Bach's famous pupils.
J.C. Bach's music includes a new emphasis on ________ and a shift to concert hall forms.
J.C. Bach's music includes a new emphasis on ________ and a shift to concert hall forms.
J.C. Bach's music also shows a conscious feathering of _______.
J.C. Bach's music also shows a conscious feathering of _______.
What was Joseph Boulogne commonly called?
What was Joseph Boulogne commonly called?
He was one of the pioneering composers of the ______, a genre popular in the late 18th century.
He was one of the pioneering composers of the ______, a genre popular in the late 18th century.
Not only was he an important musician in Paris, but he was also a Colonel of the _________.
Not only was he an important musician in Paris, but he was also a Colonel of the _________.
What does 'Le Cercle de l'Harmonie' mean?
What does 'Le Cercle de l'Harmonie' mean?
What symphonies of Haydn's did Saint-Georges premiere?
What symphonies of Haydn's did Saint-Georges premiere?
Who was the German composer whose reform of opera had a far-reaching influence?
Who was the German composer whose reform of opera had a far-reaching influence?
He began to develop a style intended to restore the original purpose of expressing the _______ or _________ conveyed by the words.
He began to develop a style intended to restore the original purpose of expressing the _______ or _________ conveyed by the words.
Name Gluck's famous opera.
Name Gluck's famous opera.
What is the name of the opera commissioned by the director of the Paris Opera for Gluck and Piccinni?
What is the name of the opera commissioned by the director of the Paris Opera for Gluck and Piccinni?
List 5 opera reforms introduced during the Classical period.
List 5 opera reforms introduced during the Classical period.
On his deathbed, Salieri confessed to killing who?
On his deathbed, Salieri confessed to killing who?
Name Antonio Salieri's famous pupils.
Name Antonio Salieri's famous pupils.
What was Salieri's most successful opera?
What was Salieri's most successful opera?
Haydn is known mostly for the development of the ______ year and the establishment of the ______.
Haydn is known mostly for the development of the ______ year and the establishment of the ______.
What are Joseph Haydn's nicknames?
What are Joseph Haydn's nicknames?
What melodic material did Haydn frequently use in his music?
What melodic material did Haydn frequently use in his music?
Was Haydn influenced by Empfindsamer Stil?
Was Haydn influenced by Empfindsamer Stil?
Under what family did Haydn serve for over 30 years?
Under what family did Haydn serve for over 30 years?
Name Haydn's two great oratorios.
Name Haydn's two great oratorios.
What is the cataloguer and letter for Joseph Haydn's music?
What is the cataloguer and letter for Joseph Haydn's music?
Who is Rosenbaum and what is his relationship to Haydn?
Who is Rosenbaum and what is his relationship to Haydn?
What city is the provincial center of the arts during the Classical period?
What city is the provincial center of the arts during the Classical period?
Write Mozart's complete name.
Write Mozart's complete name.
Mozart's earliest compositions include ________ at age 6, first ________ at age 9, first _______ at age 11 and _______ at age 12.
Mozart's earliest compositions include ________ at age 6, first ________ at age 9, first _______ at age 11 and _______ at age 12.
He was influenced by ________ as a child and later in life by ______.
He was influenced by ________ as a child and later in life by ______.
How many piano concertos did Mozart write?
How many piano concertos did Mozart write?
Name Mozart's three Italian operas (in English and Italian).
Name Mozart's three Italian operas (in English and Italian).
Name Mozart's greatest singspiel (in English and German).
Name Mozart's greatest singspiel (in English and German).
Who was Mozart's thematic cataloguer and letter?
Who was Mozart's thematic cataloguer and letter?
Name Mozart's last composition.
Name Mozart's last composition.
Name a popular chamber piece by Mozart.
Name a popular chamber piece by Mozart.
How many symphonies did Mozart write?
How many symphonies did Mozart write?
Who was W.A. Mozart's librettist for his 3 Italian operas?
Who was W.A. Mozart's librettist for his 3 Italian operas?
Lorenzo da Ponte moved to the U.S. and became the first what?
Lorenzo da Ponte moved to the U.S. and became the first what?
Don Giovanni is a?
Don Giovanni is a?
Who wrote the libretto for The Magic Flute?
Who wrote the libretto for The Magic Flute?
What is the number that Mozart uses throughout The Magic Flute? Name each one.
What is the number that Mozart uses throughout The Magic Flute? Name each one.
What famous society was Mozart a member of?
What famous society was Mozart a member of?
What is the instrumentation of Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?
What is the instrumentation of Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?
Who finished Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?
Who finished Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?
Where was Mozart buried?
Where was Mozart buried?
Name Beethoven's teachers.
Name Beethoven's teachers.
What is the Heiligenstadt Testament?
What is the Heiligenstadt Testament?
As an individualist, Beethoven was the first musician to manage to free himself from the position of a mere servant.
As an individualist, Beethoven was the first musician to manage to free himself from the position of a mere servant.
Name Beethoven's traits.
Name Beethoven's traits.
Beethoven's basis of music is in the style of what two composers?
Beethoven's basis of music is in the style of what two composers?
Two great musical trends of the 19th century based on Ludwig van Beethoven are?
Two great musical trends of the 19th century based on Ludwig van Beethoven are?
Name Beethoven's three periods and the major compositions in each.
Name Beethoven's three periods and the major compositions in each.
What are the other names for Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, 6, and 9?
What are the other names for Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, 6, and 9?
The extended variation-finale is a setting for soloist and chorus of Friedrich von Schiller's ______________.
The extended variation-finale is a setting for soloist and chorus of Friedrich von Schiller's ______________.
Name 5 characteristics of Beethoven's Symphony No. 3.
Name 5 characteristics of Beethoven's Symphony No. 3.
This person is best remembered for his association with Beethoven who wrote the _______________ for him.
This person is best remembered for his association with Beethoven who wrote the _______________ for him.
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Study Notes
Classical Period Overview
- The "classical" term refers to Ancient Greek/Roman art, Western European music, and qualities such as simplicity and logical order.
- The period is characterized by contrast of mood, clarity of form, polished texture, and refined rhythmic structures.
Timeframe
- Classical period spans from 1750 to 1820.
- Transition from Baroque to Classical identified as the Preclassical period (1730-1770).
Composers and Schools
- Notable composers of the Viennese School include Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven.
- Rococo style emerged as a graceful contrast to the heaviness of Baroque music, enjoying light colors and curves.
Musical Innovations
- Classical composers strong in tuneful melodies supported by simple harmonies, moving away from polyphony.
- Instruments in a typical Classical orchestra include strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.
Operatic Developments
- Opera composers integrated common ideals from various disciplines to enhance storytelling.
- Significant operatic reforms emphasized dramatic qualities and less rigid structures, along with orchestral enhancements.
Historical Context
- The era saw the American and French Revolutions and a power shift to the middle class.
- The Age of Enlightenment encouraged moves towards natural religion and practical morality.
Instrumentation and Composition
- Bartolomeo Cristofori invented the pianoforte in 1709, allowing volume variation unlike harpsichords.
- Mozart's operatic contributions include "The Marriage of Figaro," "Cosi Fan Tutte," and "Don Giovanni," highlighting his collaboration with librettist Lorenzo da Ponte.
Influential Musicians
- Giovanni Battista Sammartini influenced the Classical style development, while influential figures in orchestration included Christoph Willibald Gluck, known for his operatic reforms.
- Johann Christian Bach, known as the "London" Bach, significantly impacted symphonic development in Paris.
Beethovens's Contributions
- Beethoven transitioned from servant to an independent musician, exhibiting melodic expansion and thematic clarity.
- His Symphonies No. 3 ("Eroica"), 6 ("Pastoral"), and 9 ("Choral") mark significant evolution in forms and emotional depth.
Notable Works and Legacy
- Joseph Haydn, referred to as "Papa" and "Father of Symphony," heavily utilized folk music in compositions, notably "The Creation" and "The Seasons."
- Mozart's final work was the Requiem K. 626, and he is remembered for his contributions to chamber music such as "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik."
Final Notes
- The Classical period is marked by significant orchestral development and the amalgamation of various musical styles that shaped future musical trajectories.
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