Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of bones in the musculoskeletal system?
What is the primary function of bones in the musculoskeletal system?
Which is NOT a type of joint based on movement capability?
Which is NOT a type of joint based on movement capability?
What aspect of growth in infants affects their musculoskeletal function?
What aspect of growth in infants affects their musculoskeletal function?
In a neurovascular examination of the musculoskeletal system, which of the following would NOT typically be assessed?
In a neurovascular examination of the musculoskeletal system, which of the following would NOT typically be assessed?
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At what age is peak bone mass generally achieved in adults?
At what age is peak bone mass generally achieved in adults?
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Which of the following is a role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
Which of the following is a role of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?
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What is a key indicator of potential musculoskeletal issues during a physical examination?
What is a key indicator of potential musculoskeletal issues during a physical examination?
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Which statement best describes the role of cartilage in joints?
Which statement best describes the role of cartilage in joints?
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What is the primary purpose of immobilizing a fracture?
What is the primary purpose of immobilizing a fracture?
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What should be done before applying pressure to a bleeding site?
What should be done before applying pressure to a bleeding site?
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Which method of fracture reduction involves direct visualization of the bone?
Which method of fracture reduction involves direct visualization of the bone?
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Which of the following is NOT a nursing observation for a client in traction?
Which of the following is NOT a nursing observation for a client in traction?
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What is a key difference between skin traction and skeletal traction?
What is a key difference between skin traction and skeletal traction?
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Which of the following is an example of skin traction?
Which of the following is an example of skin traction?
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What is the correct action to take with an open fracture?
What is the correct action to take with an open fracture?
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Which of the following describes the application of a rigid support for an injured limb?
Which of the following describes the application of a rigid support for an injured limb?
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What is the first step in managing a patient with a fracture?
What is the first step in managing a patient with a fracture?
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Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of fractures?
Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of fractures?
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During the assessment phase of the nursing process, what should the nurse NOT assess for a patient with bone and soft tissue disorders?
During the assessment phase of the nursing process, what should the nurse NOT assess for a patient with bone and soft tissue disorders?
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What should be included in the nursing diagnosis for a patient pre-operatively?
What should be included in the nursing diagnosis for a patient pre-operatively?
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In the evaluation phase, what is crucial to assess in a post-operative patient?
In the evaluation phase, what is crucial to assess in a post-operative patient?
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Which of the following would be a key intervention during the planning stage for managing post-operative complications?
Which of the following would be a key intervention during the planning stage for managing post-operative complications?
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What is a common risk diagnosis for patients undergoing musculoskeletal surgeries?
What is a common risk diagnosis for patients undergoing musculoskeletal surgeries?
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Which of the following interventions is prioritized for a patient with acute pain after surgery?
Which of the following interventions is prioritized for a patient with acute pain after surgery?
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Which of the following is NOT a major aspect of nursing care for a client in traction?
Which of the following is NOT a major aspect of nursing care for a client in traction?
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What is the initial physiological response to a fracture?
What is the initial physiological response to a fracture?
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Which complication is characterized by severe pain that is increased with passive stretching?
Which complication is characterized by severe pain that is increased with passive stretching?
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What can result from immobilization after a fracture?
What can result from immobilization after a fracture?
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Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
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How long can complete healing and remodeling after a fracture take?
How long can complete healing and remodeling after a fracture take?
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Which statement about muscle atrophy is accurate?
Which statement about muscle atrophy is accurate?
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What is the role of fibroblasts and osteoblasts following a fracture?
What is the role of fibroblasts and osteoblasts following a fracture?
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal System Review
- Bones provide structural support, protect internal organs, enable movement, store minerals, and produce blood cells.
- The skeleton is divided into axial (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and appendicular (shoulder, pelvic, upper/lower limbs) skeletons.
- Muscles contract to create movement, stimulated by nerve impulses. Muscles connect to bones via tendons and work in opposing pairs.
- Joints connect bones, allowing varying degrees of movement based on structure (immovable, slightly movable, freely movable).
- Cartilage smooths joint surfaces for motion and flexibility. Ligaments connect bones, while tendons connect muscles to bones.
Nurse's Role in Musculoskeletal Assessment
- Baseline Data: Collect patient history (medical and health).
- Neurovascular Examination: Assess circulation, sensation, motor function.
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Physical Examination:
- Posture: Observe patient posture.
- Gait: Evaluate patient gait (walking).
- Range of Motion (ROM): Assess joint movement.
- Mobility: Inspect muscle wasting, deformities, swelling, skin changes. Palpate for tenderness, warmth, crepitus, and muscle tone.
- Assess strength against resistance (major muscle groups).
- Observe functional mobility, balance, and coordination.
- Obtain injury/condition history.
- Collaborate with physical therapists (or other specialists) as needed.
Developmental Stage Impact
- Infants: Soft spots on the head, more cartilage than bone, developing epiphyses (ends of long bones). Infants are more vulnerable to fractures as bones are developing.
- Adolescents: High risk of osteosarcoma (bone cancer).
- Adults: Peak bone mass is generally reached around age 35. Older adults are at risk of osteoarthritis and decreased bone density.
Diagnostic Tests & Nursing Care
- Assessment (A): Evaluate pain levels, range of motion, strength, deformities, functional limitations related to bone and soft tissue disorders.
- Diagnosis (D): Identify impaired physical mobility, acute/chronic pain, risk for injury related to various factors.
- Planning (P): Develop interventions like immobilization, weight bearing limits, assistive devices, and pain management. Implement positioning, exercises, and patient education.
- Implementation (I): Establish and implement individualized plans based on patient needs.
- Evaluation (E): Assess effectiveness of care and evaluate mobility and independence.
Post-Operative Complications
- Post-operative complications often include wound infection, injury, acute pain, and related precautions.
Fracture Manifestations & Treatment
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Signs & Symptoms:*
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Deformity, swelling, muscle spasms, tenderness, pain, impaired sensation, decreased mobility.
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Emergency Treatment for Fractures: Immediately immobilize the affected limb (padding above and below fracture), address bleeding (if present), and immobilize using splints, or other methods.
Fracture Differences
- Skin traction uses bandages and weights to stabilize the affected limb while the injured area is protected and reduced.
- Skeletal traction uses pins or wires inserted into the bone to support the extremity.
Nursing Observations for Traction
- Skin Integrity: Assess for skin breakdown, injury or ulcerations at traction site.
- Neurovascular Status: Evaluate distal pulses, movement, sensation.
- Proper Alignment and Traction Weights: Monitor weights to ensure proper alignment.
- Pain Levels: Assess and manage pain.
Bone Healing
- Clot formation, fibroblast and osteoblast activity, fibrocartilage callus formation, new bone formation, and remodeling.
Fracture Complications
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), compartment syndrome (intense pain and swelling), nerve damage, infection.
Unrelated Notes
- Malunion: Improper fracture alignment
- Nonunion: Fracture failure to heal
- Joint Stiffness/Contractures: Immobility leads to joint stiffness.
- Muscle Atrophy (Disuse): Reduced muscle mass from inactivity.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of the musculoskeletal system, including the structure and function of bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues. It also highlights the role of nurses in musculoskeletal assessment and patient evaluation processes.
