Musculoskeletal System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes the axial skeleton from the appendicular skeleton?

  • The appendicular skeleton includes limbs and the girdles that attach them. (correct)
  • The appendicular skeleton protects vital organs like the heart and lungs.
  • The axial skeleton's primary function is to support the body's weight.
  • The axial skeleton includes bones of the hands and feet.

    • Which structure of a long bone stores yellow marrow in adults?

  • Epiphysis
  • Medullary Cavity (correct)
  • Articular Cartilage
  • Diaphysis

    • Which part of the spine allows for head movement such as nodding and tilting?

  • Lumbar Spine
  • Sacrum
  • Thoracic Spine
  • Cervical Spine (correct)

    • What type of bone is primarily involved in protecting internal organs?

    <p>Flat bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the structure of the diaphysis in a long bone?

    <p>It is primarily composed of compact bone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vertebrae are fused together to form the sacrum?

    <p>S1-S5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main functional purpose of cartilage in the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>Cushioning and reducing friction at joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily responsible for moving the limbs?

    <p>Appendicular muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the periosteum in bone structure?

    <p>It serves as a site for muscle, ligament, and tendon attachment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is characterized by involuntary control and non-striated fibers?

    <p>Smooth Muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathology is primarily characterized by progressive muscle weakening, particularly affecting males?

    <p>Muscular Dystrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of osteomyelitis?

    <p>It is a bone infection caused by bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osteoarthritis typically affect the body?

    <p>It leads to cartilage and bone breakdown, resulting in pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle?

    <p>It is found in the walls of the heart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called that involves an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine?

    <p>Lordosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is found only in the heart and characterized by rhythmic involuntary contractions?

    <p>Cardiac Muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Axial Skeleton

    Part of the skeleton including bones of the head, neck, chest, and back; protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs, and serves as a base for muscles.

    Appendicular Skeleton

    Part of the skeleton comprising the bones of the upper and lower limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton

    Vertebrae

    33 stacked bones forming the spinal canal protecting the spinal cord and nerves.

    Long Bone Structure

    Long bones consist of a diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), and medullary cavity (hollow space).

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    Diaphysis

    The shaft of a long bone, made of compact bone and surrounding the medullary cavity (containing bone marrow).

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    Epiphysis

    The rounded end of a long bone.

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    Medullary Cavity

    The hollow space inside the diaphysis of a long bone, filled with bone marrow.

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    Bone Types

    Bones come in various shapes and sizes: Flat (cranium, ribs), Short (wrists, ankles), and long (arms, legs).

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    Skeletal Muscle

    Voluntary muscle tissue that moves bones, eyes, and tongue, characterized by striated fibers.

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    Cardiac Muscle

    Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart, causing rhythmic contractions.

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    Smooth Muscle

    Involuntary muscle tissue found in organs, arteries, and ducts, lacking striations.

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    Osteoarthritis

    Cartilage and bone breakdown causing pain and stiffness in joints.

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    Muscular Dystrophy

    Progressive muscle weakening, often affecting males.

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    Paralysis

    Inability to move a part of the body due to nerve damage.

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    Osteoporosis

    Progressive bone loss that increases the risk of fractures.

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    Study Notes

    Musculoskeletal System Overview

    • The musculoskeletal system comprises bones, muscles, joints, tendons, and cartilage.
    • Its purpose includes supporting the body, facilitating movement, protecting organs, and producing red blood cells.
    • The system is often studied together despite its individual components.

    Learning Objectives

    • Students will examine the anatomy of the skeletal and muscular systems.
    • They will identify the functions of each system.
    • Students will be able to recognize common diseases, disorders, and procedures related to these systems.

    Skeletal System Components

    • Axial Skeleton: Comprises bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as a point of attachment for muscles controlling these areas. (80 bones)
    • Appendicular Skeleton: Includes bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones connecting these limbs to the axial skeleton. (126 bones)
    • Bones types: include flat bones (e.g., cranium, ribs), short bones (e.g., wrists, ankles) and long bones (e.g., arms, legs, hands).

    Skeletal System Structure (Examples)

    • Skull: Contains the skull bones and auditory bones
    • Vertebral Column: Composed of vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx (providing support and protection of spinal cord)
    • Rib Cage: Consists of ribs and sternum
    • Appendicular Skeleton components: Shoulder girdle (clavicle , scapula), arm bones (humerus , ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), hip bone (pelvic girdle) , leg bones (femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)

    Vertebrae Segments

    • Cervical Spine (Neck): Seven vertebrae (C1-C7) allowing head movement
    • Thoracic Spine (Middle Back): Twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) where ribs attach
    • Lumbar Spine (Lower Back): Five vertebrae (L1-L5) supporting weight and stress
    • Sacrum: Five fused vertebrae (S1-S5) connecting to the hips
    • Coccyx (Tailbone): Four fused vertebrae, attaching to the pelvic floor

    Long Bone Structure

    • Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone, made of compact bone, surrounding the medullary cavity(containing yellow marrow in adults).
    • Epiphysis: The ends of the long bone made of spongy bone, covered with articular cartilage. ( contains red bone marrow)

    Other Components/ Tissues

    • Muscles: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
    • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone
    • Cartilage: Found at bone ends (e.g., nose)
    • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone

    Types of Muscles

    • Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary control, striated fibers, moves bones.
    • Cardiac Muscle: Found only in the heart, rhythmically involuntary contractions, striated.
    • Smooth Muscle: Involuntary control, non-striated, found in organs.

    Body Movements

    • Adduction: Movement toward the midline
    • Abduction: Movement away from the midline
    • Flexion: Decreasing the angle of a joint
    • Extension: Increasing the angle of a joint
    • Rotation: Movement around an axis
    • Pronation: Turning the palm down
    • Supination: Turning the palm up
    • Inversion: Turning the sole inward
    • Eversion: Turning the sole outward
    • Dorsiflexion: Elevating the foot
    • Plantar Flexion: Lowering the foot

    Common Pathologies

    • Muscular Dystrophy: Progressive muscle weakening
    • Osteoarthritis: Cartilage/bone breakdown
    • Osteomyelitis: Bone infection
    • Osteoporosis: Progressive bone loss
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Autoimmune joint inflammation
    • Ankylosing Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
    • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Numbness/pain in wrist/hand
    • Gout: Uric acid buildup
    • Kyphosis: Abnormal forward curvature of thoracic spine
    • Lordosis: Excessive inward curvature of lumbar spine

    Types of Paralysis

    • Paraplegia: Paralysis of the lower body
    • Quadriplegia: Paralysis of all four limbs
    • Hemiplegia: Paralysis of one side of the body
    • Hemiparesis: Partial paralysis of one side of the body
    • Myoparesis: Partial paralysis or muscle weakness

    Combining Forms (Medical Terminology)

    • A table providing combining forms and corresponding terms, relevant medical contexts.

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    Related Documents

    Musculoskeletal System Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of the musculoskeletal system, including the skeletal and muscular components. Students will explore different parts of the axial and appendicular skeletons, along with common disorders and diagnostic procedures. Enhance your understanding of how these systems work together to support the body.

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