14 Questions
What are the five major functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, movement, storage of minerals, blood cell production
Which of the following types of bones is described as having a shape similar to a cube and primarily contains spongy bone?
Short bones
The _________ is the flat bone with a large flat surface in the body.
cranium
The axial skeleton includes bones of the head and trunk.
True
Match the major bones with their functions:
Patella = Helps protect tendons from wear and tear Clavicle = Supports weight Skull = Acts as a shield protecting vital organs Femur = Major bone involved in movement
Which joints are involved in extending at the knee?
Knees (9-10)
What type of movement is taking place at Neck (3-6)?
Flexing
Match the following major bones with the listed movements:
Upper arm bones = Shoulder Press Hip and knee joints = Squat The shoulder girdle and elbow joints = Pull Up Knee joints, hip joints, pelvis, and spine = Push Up
In which movement, do the feet experience dorsiflexion at point 3?
Squat
During the Pull Up exercise, shoulder protraction occurs.
True
What is the function of synovial joints?
Synovial joints provide movement and stability allowing large movements to occur without being stiff.
Match the term with the definition:
LIGAMENTS = Acts as a cushion for the joints & provides a smooth surface for the end of the bone TENDONS = Connect the articulating bones & provide stability to the joint capsule CARTILAGE = Tough cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone & provide support to the joint SYNOVIAL FLUID = Separates the two articulating bones SYNOVIAL CAVITY = Works with the synovial fluid to act as lubricant and keep the joint moving & cushioned JOINT CAPSULE = Sac-like structures that alleviate friction FIBROUS CAPSULE = Encloses the cavity & contains the fluid SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE = Inward-growing cartilage that absorbs shock, pressure & enhances stability MENISCUS = Encloses the bones & synovial cavity BURSAE = Secretes fluid into the joint
What is the primary function of the articular cartilage on the surface of compact bones?
The articular cartilage prevents jarring and allows bones to move freely on each other.
What are the three types of structural classifications for joints?
The three types are immovable or fibrous joints, movable or cartilaginous joints, and freely movable or synovial joints.
Study Notes
Skeletal System Functions
- Support: provides framework for the body
- Movement: allows for movement through muscle attachment
- Protection: protects internal organs
- Blood Cell Production: produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- Storage of Minerals: stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorous
- Endocrine Regulation: involved in endocrine regulation
Bones
- Types:
- Long bones (e.g. femur, humerus)
- Short bones (e.g. carpals, tarsals, patella)
- Flat bones (e.g. sternum, ribs, scapula)
- Irregular bones (e.g. mandible, vertebrae, sacrum)
- Sesamoid bones (e.g. patella)
- Functions:
- Provide protection
- Allow for movement
- Produce blood cells
- Store minerals
- Involved in endocrine regulation
Joints
- Types:
- Fibrous joints (immoveable)
- Cartilaginous joints (slightly moveable)
- Synovial joints (freely moveable)
- Synovial joints:
- Allow for movement and provide stability
- Features: ligaments, tendons, cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, meniscus, bursae
Anatomical Terms
- Superior: towards the head
- Inferior: towards the feet
- Anterior: towards the front
- Posterior: towards the back
- Medial: towards the midline of the body
- Lateral: towards the side of the body
- Proximal: towards the body's mass
- Distal: away from the body's mass
Movement
- Types:
- Flexion: decrease in joint angle
- Extension: increase in joint angle
- Abduction: movement away from the midline of the body
- Adduction: movement towards the midline of the body
- Circumduction: circular movement
- Rotation: twisting movement
- Lateral rotation: movement away from the midline of the body
- Medial rotation: movement towards the midline of the body
Planes of Movement
-
Sagittal plane: divides the body into left and right halves
-
Coronal plane: divides the body into front and back halves
-
Transverse plane: divides the body into top and bottom halves### Movement and Joint Actions
-
Adduction: Movement of a body part towards the midline of the body, occurring at the shoulder, hip, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
-
Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body, occurring at the shoulder, hip, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
-
Circumduction: Circular movement of the end of a bone, occurring at the shoulder, hip, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints.
-
Rotation: Movement of a body part around a central axis, occurring within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.
Forearm and Foot Movements
- Supination: Rotation of the hand so that the thumb moves away from the body, occurring at the distal radioulnar joint.
- Pronation: Rotation of the hand so that the thumb moves towards the body, occurring at the distal radioulnar joint.
- Inversion: Movement of the sole of the foot towards the midline, occurring at the subtalar joint.
- Eversion: Movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline, occurring at the subtalar joint.
- Plantar Flexion: Increase in the angle of the joint between the foot and the lower leg, occurring at the ankle joint.
- DorsiFlexion: Decrease in the angle of the joint between the foot and the lower leg, occurring at the ankle joint.
Application Activity: Identifying Joint Actions
- Knees (4-6): Flexing at the knee joint.
- Hips (4-6): Flexing at the hip joint.
- Neck (3-6): Flexing at the neck joint.
- Feet (point 1): Plantar flexion at the ankle joint.
Major Bones and Joints Used in Various Activities
- Pull Up: Upper arm bones, shoulder girdle, and elbow joints are used.
- Squat: Hip and knee joints, pelvis, and spine are used.
- Shoulder Press: Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) and elbow joint are used.
- Push Up: Shoulder joint, elbow joint, and scapular movement are used.
Learn about the musculoskeletal system, types of joints, and how they enable movement in the human body.
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