Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the primary functions of the cells described in the text?
What are the primary functions of the cells described in the text?
- To regulate the immune system
- To produce red blood cells and platelets
- To transmit nerve impulses
- To produce cartilage and bone matrix (correct)
What is required for the bone matrix produced by these cells to remodel into normal lamellar bone?
What is required for the bone matrix produced by these cells to remodel into normal lamellar bone?
- Adequate immobilization (correct)
- Exposure to sunlight
- Regular exercise
- Adequate nutrition
What type of bone is produced by the remodeling process described in the text?
What type of bone is produced by the remodeling process described in the text?
- Lamellar bone (correct)
- Cancellous bone
- Compact bone
- Woven bone
Which of the following best describes the role of immobilization in the bone remodeling process?
Which of the following best describes the role of immobilization in the bone remodeling process?
What is the primary component of the bone matrix produced by the cells described in the text?
What is the primary component of the bone matrix produced by the cells described in the text?
What is another name for osteonecrosis?
What is another name for osteonecrosis?
Which type of osteonecrosis results in the collapse of bone, fracture, and sloughing of articular cartilage?
Which type of osteonecrosis results in the collapse of bone, fracture, and sloughing of articular cartilage?
What is a common cause of osteonecrosis in patients with sickle cell disease?
What is a common cause of osteonecrosis in patients with sickle cell disease?
Which organism commonly causes pyogenic osteomyelitis due to its ability to bind easily to collagen in the osteoid matrix?
Which organism commonly causes pyogenic osteomyelitis due to its ability to bind easily to collagen in the osteoid matrix?
How does pyogenic osteomyelitis in children most commonly reach the bones?
How does pyogenic osteomyelitis in children most commonly reach the bones?
What is the main source of nutrients that keep the overlying articular cartilage intact in subchondral osteonecrosis?
What is the main source of nutrients that keep the overlying articular cartilage intact in subchondral osteonecrosis?
What type of tissue forms after one week in the healing process of a fracture?
What type of tissue forms after one week in the healing process of a fracture?
What happens to the soft callus after two weeks in the healing process of a fracture?
What happens to the soft callus after two weeks in the healing process of a fracture?
Which type of bone is deposited during the conversion of soft callus to bony callus?
Which type of bone is deposited during the conversion of soft callus to bony callus?
What is the composition of the initial soft callus formed after one week?
What is the composition of the initial soft callus formed after one week?
What characterizes the conversion process of the soft callus to bony callus after two weeks?
What characterizes the conversion process of the soft callus to bony callus after two weeks?
What is the term used to describe the drainage tract in the subperiosteal shell of viable new bone?
What is the term used to describe the drainage tract in the subperiosteal shell of viable new bone?
Which part of the new bone is necrotic and labeled with the red arrow?
Which part of the new bone is necrotic and labeled with the red arrow?
The original cortex seen in the drainage tract is characteristic of:
The original cortex seen in the drainage tract is characteristic of:
What color arrow is used to indicate the involucrum in the drainage tract?
What color arrow is used to indicate the involucrum in the drainage tract?
The presence of a sequestrum within the drainage tract indicates:
The presence of a sequestrum within the drainage tract indicates:
What is the first step in the process of bone healing?
What is the first step in the process of bone healing?
What is the process by which new cartilage formation at the fracture site is converted into bone?
What is the process by which new cartilage formation at the fracture site is converted into bone?
What happens to the callus during the later stages of bone healing?
What happens to the callus during the later stages of bone healing?
What is the final step in the process of bone healing?
What is the final step in the process of bone healing?
What is the purpose of the remodeling process during bone healing?
What is the purpose of the remodeling process during bone healing?
Flashcards
Bone Cell Function
Bone Cell Function
The cells produce cartilage and bone matrix, forming the initial framework for bone repair and growth.
Remodeling Requirement
Remodeling Requirement
Adequate immobilization is needed for the bone matrix to properly remodel into strong, lamellar bone.
Type of Remodeled Bone
Type of Remodeled Bone
The bone matrix remodels into lamellar bone, which is strong and organized.
Role of Immobilization
Role of Immobilization
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Bone Matrix Component
Bone Matrix Component
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Osteonecrosis synonym
Osteonecrosis synonym
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Subchondral Osteonecrosis
Subchondral Osteonecrosis
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Osteonecrosis Cause (Sickle Cell)
Osteonecrosis Cause (Sickle Cell)
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Common Osteomyelitis Organism
Common Osteomyelitis Organism
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Osteomyelitis Route (Children)
Osteomyelitis Route (Children)
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Articular Cartilage Nutrient Source
Articular Cartilage Nutrient Source
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Early Fracture Healing Tissue
Early Fracture Healing Tissue
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Soft to Bony Callus
Soft to Bony Callus
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Type of Bone in Bony Callus
Type of Bone in Bony Callus
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Soft Callus Composition
Soft Callus Composition
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Soft to Bony Callus Conversion
Soft to Bony Callus Conversion
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Sinus Tract Definition
Sinus Tract Definition
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What is Sequestrum?
What is Sequestrum?
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Original cortex in drainage indicates
Original cortex in drainage indicates
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Involucrum indicator
Involucrum indicator
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Sequestrum presence
Sequestrum presence
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First step in bone healing
First step in bone healing
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Cartilage converts to bone
Cartilage converts to bone
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Callus remodels and reduces
Callus remodels and reduces
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Final step of healing process
Final step of healing process
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Purpose of remodeling
Purpose of remodeling
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Study Notes
Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)
- Also known as avascular necrosis, characterized by ischemic infarction of bone and bone marrow
- Most commonly affects middle-aged adults
- Causes: vascular injury, drug-induced (corticosteroids), radiation, and thrombosis (sickle cell disease)
Types of Osteonecrosis
- Medullary: infarction of trabecular bone and bone marrow, cortical bone is spared due to collateral circulation
- Subchondral: wedge-shaped, results in bone collapse, fracture, and sloughing of articular cartilage
Characteristics of Osteonecrosis
- No visible osteocytes (empty lacunae) microscopically
- Osteoclasts from adjacent viable areas start resorbing dead bone
- Repair of subchondral infarction is slow
Symptoms of Osteonecrosis
- Pain, begins with activity and becomes constant
- Secondary osteoarthritis develops if articular cartilage is sloughed
Osteomyelitis
- Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
- Almost always infectious in origin, caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
- Caused by bacterial infection
- Organisms reach bone through hematogenous route, extension from adjacent site, or direct implantation
- Most common in children: hematogenous and affects long bones
- Most common in adults: secondary to fractures, surgery, or diabetes (diabetic foot)
Characteristics of Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
- Staph Aureus is the most common microorganism, binding easily to collagen in osteoid matrix
- In neonates: group B-streptococci and E. coli are common microorganisms
Fracture Healing
- Reaction to a fracture begins with an organizing hematoma
- Callus formation: soft callus (procallus) forms after one week, and is converted to bony callus by deposition of woven bone after two weeks
- Contour of new bone is re-established, and shows lamellar bone
- Formation of medullary cavity is the final step in bone healing
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