Musculoskeletal Injuries Management
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Questions and Answers

Which splint is appropriate for a tibia/fibula shaft fracture?

  • Kendrick Traction splint
  • Short leg box splint
  • Triangular sling
  • Long leg vacuum splint (correct)

    • What should be done if a traction splint delays transfer?

  • Use a long leg box splint
  • Perform immediate relocation of the patella
  • Wait for the splint to be applied
  • Apply manual traction (correct)

    • Which splint is NOT suitable for a femoral fracture?

  • Long leg box splint
  • Kendrick Traction splint
  • Vacuum splint
  • Self splintage (correct)

    • Which statement is true regarding patella dislocation?

    <p>The patella tends to relocate spontaneously when splinting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which splint would be appropriate for a clavicle injury?

    <p>Triangular sling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a closed fracture from an open fracture?

    <p>It occurs without skin puncture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to a pathological fracture in older individuals?

    <p>Minor trauma like a fall from standing height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a dislocation?

    <p>An abnormal separation of joint surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about sprains?

    <p>They can involve partial or complete tears of ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assumed when a sprain is suspected in the pre-hospital setting?

    <p>A fracture may also be present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a strain?

    <p>It is a stretch and/or tear of muscle fibers and/or tendon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is least likely to contribute to pathological fractures?

    <p>High-impact sports activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of a dislocation?

    <p>Muscle spasm causing joint lock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for transporting an amputated body part?

    <p>Place it in a moist field dressing and secure in a sealed plastic bag.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should NOT be done when managing a grossly contaminated wound?

    <p>Irrigate with saline to clean the area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom typically associated with musculoskeletal injuries?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of partial amputations, what should be done to the limb?

    <p>Immobilise the limb in a position of normal anatomical alignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition defines a fracture?

    <p>A break or breaks in bone caused by kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing pain for a patient with serious injuries, what is recommended if further pain management is needed?

    <p>Request advanced pain management from a senior clinician.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the treatment of amputations?

    <p>Maintaining tissue temperature without freezing is important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the primary goal be when managing an injured limb after a partial amputation?

    <p>To prevent further contamination and promote stabilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary aspects assessed under the ABCDE method in managing musculoskeletal injuries?

    <p>Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the six ‘P’s of ischaemia?

    <p>Pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immobilising the joints above and below a fracture?

    <p>To prevent further injury and support the limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial step should be taken if time-critical features are identified in a musculoskeletal injury?

    <p>Refer to the Major Trauma Tool and transfer to a major trauma centre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for strains and sprains?

    <p>Cold compress and limb elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed using the MSC method in managing musculoskeletal injuries?

    <p>Motor, Sensory, Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of splinting a limb injury?

    <p>Risk of fat embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of compromised blood flow to a limb during assessment?

    <p>Cold to touch limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of blood loss associated with mid shaft femoral fractures?

    <p>500-2000 mls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complication of musculoskeletal injuries?

    <p>Cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of splinting in the management of musculoskeletal injuries?

    <p>To reduce pain and further blood loss during transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dealing with musculoskeletal injuries, what critical aspect should not be overlooked?

    <p>Assessing for less visible but life-threatening problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of pelvic fractures, what is the expected minimum blood loss?

    <p>1000 mls plus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Airway and Breathing Considerations

    • Airway obstruction and compromised breathing require immediate attention, especially in cases of spinal injury.
    • Always remember the C A c B C’s approach in emergency care: Circulation, Airway, Breathing, and Consciousness.

    Musculoskeletal Injuries Overview

    • Common types of musculoskeletal injuries include:
      • Amputations and partial amputations
      • Fractures (broken bones)
      • Dislocations (joint separations)
      • Strains (muscle/tendon injuries)
      • Sprains (ligament injuries)

    Management of Amputations

    • Proper handling of amputated parts is critical:
      • Remove gross contamination and cover with a moist dressing.
      • Place in a sealed plastic bag and set on ice without direct contact to prevent tissue damage.
    • Patient care involves:
      • Immobilizing the limb in anatomical alignment.
      • Using occlusive dressings to minimize contamination.
      • Assessing for pain and providing management as needed.

    Fractures

    • A fracture is defined as a break in a bone, often caused by high kinetic energy impact.
    • Signs of fractures include:
      • Pain and swelling
      • Erythema (redness)
      • Visible deformity of the limb.

    Types of Fractures

    • Closed Fracture: Also known as simple fractures, no puncture to the skin occurs.
    • Compound Fracture (Open): Characterized by bone piercing through the skin.
    • Pathological Fractures: May occur from minor trauma in older adults or individuals with underlying diseases like osteoporosis.

    Dislocations

    • Defined as the abnormal separation of joint surfaces, potentially accompanied by fractures.
    • Muscle spasms may cause the joint to lock in place.

    Sprains and Strains

    • Sprains: Damages to ligaments, ranging from partial to complete tears.
    • Strains: Involves stretching or tearing of muscle fibers or tendons.
    • In pre-hospital settings, treat suspected sprains as fractures; immobilize accordingly.

    Basic Management Principles

    • Conduct an ABCDE assessment to identify any time-critical features.
    • Address life-threatening issues first and refer to major trauma protocols if necessary.
    • Continuously assess limb motor, sensory, and circulation (MSC) integrity.

    Ischaemia Assessment

    • Recognize the six 'P's:
      • Pain not relieved by splinting
      • Pallor indicating compromised blood flow
      • Paralysis indicating loss of movement
      • Paraesthesia (changes in sensation)
      • Pulselessness indicating loss of circulation
      • Perishing coldness of the limb.

    Role of Splinting

    • Splinting effectively reduces:
      • Pain and risk of hemorrhage
      • Further damage to surrounding tissues
      • Risk of fat embolism and muscle spasms.

    Splinting for Common Injuries

    • Specific injuries require tailored splinting techniques, e.g.:
      • Mid shaft femoral #: Kendrick traction splint.
      • Tibia/Fibula # or ankle #: long leg box or vacuum splint.
      • Clavicle: self-splintage.

    Time-Critical Considerations

    • Mid shaft femoral fractures can result in blood loss of 500-2000mls.
    • Prompt intervention is crucial, especially for pelvic fractures potentially leading to significant blood loss.

    Complications of Musculoskeletal Injuries

    • Risks include internal bleeding, nerve or muscle damage, infections, loss of tissue, long-term disability, and compartment syndrome.

    Summary for Patient Care

    • Patients may experience significant pain; splinting can mitigate blood loss and discomfort.
    • Maintain awareness of less visible but life-threatening injuries while managing musculoskeletal issues.
    • Evaluate the need for advanced pain management guidance throughout patient care.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the management of musculoskeletal injuries covering assessment techniques and time-critical features. This quiz will guide you through the ABCDE method and important considerations for patient transfer. Perfect for clinical education students and professionals.

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