Musculoskeletal Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a compound fracture from a simple fracture?

  • The bone does not break completely.
  • The broken bone protrudes through the skin. (correct)
  • It involves multiple broken bones.
  • The fracture occurs in older adults.

    • Which of the following conditions is characterized by bone inflammation?

  • Osteomalacia
  • Rickets
  • Osteomyelitis (correct)
  • Osteoporosis

    • What tissue is primarily affected by muscular dystrophy?

  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Nervous tissue

    • Which of the following describes rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Joint inflammation caused by an immunologic abnormality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movement and is striated in appearance?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do dendrites play in neuron function?

    <p>Receive nerve impulses from other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of myelin in the nervous system?

    <p>Insulate and protect axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a synapse?

    <p>A gap connecting neurons or neurons and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is homeostasis related to the nervous system?

    <p>It coordinates both voluntary and involuntary actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the groups of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main parts of a neuron?

    <p>Cell body, Dendrites, Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a function of the central nervous system?

    <p>It processes and integrates information from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the root word 'phrens/o' refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>Mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a fear in medical terms?

    <p>-phobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does the term 'amnestic' describe?

    <p>Loss of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described by the term 'traumatic brain injury'?

    <p>Sudden damage from head impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a transient ischemic attack?

    <p>It indicates a mini-stroke caused by oxygen deprivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the suffix '-lepsy' in medical terminology?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the meninges?

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does 'schizophrenia' refer to?

    <p>Split mind or personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by the term 'aneurysm'?

    <p>Localized widening of an artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of damage can a concussion cause?

    <p>Temporary amnesia and other symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Demyelination of nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is primarily characterized by the loss of intellectual function due to the atrophy of the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Alzheimer's Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of seizures?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of behavior disorders linked to the nervous system?

    <p>Physical changes, substance abuse, or medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of epilepsy?

    <p>Chronic recurrent seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with anxiety disorders typically experience which type of feelings?

    <p>Feelings of uneasiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical specialty primarily deals with the surgical treatment of neurological disorders?

    <p>Neurosurgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of depression?

    <p>Anhedonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT characterized as a symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Loss of coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ossification?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skeletal system is known to consist of the skull, chest, and spinal column?

    <p>Axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone tissue is typically found in the epiphyses of long bones?

    <p>Spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes ligaments?

    <p>Connect two bones together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shaft of a long bone?

    <p>Diaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial bones include the parietal bones?

    <p>Two on either side of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main facial bone?

    <p>Temporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the thoracic cage?

    <p>12 thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages, and sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'malacia' refer to in the context of skeletal terminology?

    <p>Softening of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the region in a long bone where growth occurs?

    <p>Epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology

    • The nervous system and the musculoskeletal system are key components of medical terminology.
    • The nervous system coordinates both involuntary and voluntary actions.
    • It works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis, which is equilibrium.
    • The nervous system is divided into two main parts:
      • Central Nervous System (CNS)
      • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
    • The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. The PNS includes nerves.
    • Efferent nerves (motor) transmit messages away from the CNS, and Afferent nerves (sensory) transmit messages towards CNS.

    Nervous System - More Detail

    • The ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) is involuntary.
    • The ANS is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
    • The sympathetic nervous system is associated with "fight or flight" responses.
    • The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with "rest and digest".
    • The Somatic Nervous System is voluntary.
    • The Somatic Nervous System is connected to skeletal muscles. 
    • The brain has several key structures, including the:
      • Cerebrum
      • Cerebellum
      • Brainstem
      • Hypothalamus
      • Pituitary gland
      • Pons
      • Medulla - The brain stem has a crucial role in vital functions like breathing and heart rate. 

    Nervous System - Cells

    • Nerve tissue is made up of neurons, which are the fundamental units.
    • Neurons have three main parts:
      • Cell body
      • Dendrites
      • Axon
    • The cell body contains the nucleus.
    • Dendrites receive nerve impulses from other cells. 
    • Axons send nerve impulses away from the cell body.
    • Axons are coated with myelin.

    Nervous System - Synapses & Groups

    • Synapses are gaps between neurons or between a neuron & muscle.
    • Neurotransmitters are chemicals used to transmit signals across synapses. 
    • Ganglia are groups of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
    • Nuclei are groups of neuron cell bodies in the CNS. 
    • Nerves are groupings of axons.

    Nervous System - Word Roots

    • Prefixes and suffixes are often combined to create medical terms related to the nervous system.

    Nervous System - Disorders & Examples

    • Trauma can cause TBI (traumatic brain injury).
    • Concussions are a type of TBI.
    • Stroke results from oxygen blockage in the brain.
    • Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary blockage.
    • Cerebral aneurysm is a widening of an artery.
    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease.
    • Parkinson's disease (PD) affects dopamine production.
    • Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to intellectual decline
    • Seizures are uncontrolled electrical activity.
    • Epilepsy is a chronic seizure disorder.
    • Anxiety disorders are characterized by feelings of unease.
    • Depression is characterized by loss of interest.
    • Schizophrenia is characterized by abnormal thoughts, hallucinations, delusions and or withdrawal

    Nervous System - Specialties

    • Neurologists treat neurological disorders.
    • Neurosurgeons perform surgeries on the nervous system.
    • Psychiatrists treat behavioral and mental health disorders.

    Skeletal System - Word Roots

    • Prefixes and suffixes are often used in skeletal terms, including roots like:
    • -algia (pain)
    • -amphi (both sides)
    • -ankylo (stiff)
    • -arthr (joint)
    • -brachi (arm)
    • -calcane (heel)
    • -car (wrist)
    • -cephal(head)
    • -chondr(cartilage)
    • -cost(rib)
    • -crani(skull)
    • -dactyl(finger/toe)
    • -femur(thighbone)
    • -humer(arm bone)
    • -kinesi(movement)
    • -lumb (lower back)
    • -malacia (softening)
    • -meningi (membrane)
    • -ment(referencing the mind)
    • -my(muscle)
    • -myel(spinal cord tissue)
    • -orth(correct or straight),
    • -oste(bone)
    • -ped(foot)
    • -pelv (pelvis)
    • -phreni(mind)
    • -schiz (split)
    • -spondy (vertebra)
    • -thorac(chest)
    • -tend (tendon)

    Skeletal System - Structure and Function

    • The skeleton is made of approximately 206 bones divided into axial and appendicular.
    • Ligaments connect bones, and tendons connect muscles to bones.
    • Joints are where bones meet.
    • Bones have different parts, including the diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), and epiphyseal plate (growth plate).
    • Bone tissue includes compact bone and spongy bone.

    Skeletal System - Axial Skeleton

    • Bones of the cranium (head), thorax, and vertebral column form the axial skeleton.
    • Cranium includes the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. 
    • Facial bones include the nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, and mandible.
    • Thoracic cage has the 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 ribs, and the sternum.

    Skeletal System - Disorders

    • Sprains are ligament tears.
    • Fractures are broken bones (simple/closed, compound/open).
    • Osteomyelitis is bone inflammation. 
    • Osteoporosis is low bone density. 
    • Rickets and osteomalacia are bone softening conditions.
    • Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are bone and cartilage tumors.
    • Arthritis is joint inflammation, of several types. 

    Muscular System - Word Roots 

    • fasci/o (fibrous membrane)
    • fibr/o (fiber)
    • hemi- (half)
    • kine/o (movement)
    • ligament/o (ligament)
    • muscul (muscle)
    • my/o (muscle)
    • para- (alongside or near)
    • paresis (partial paralysis)
    • plegia (paralysis) 
    • quadri- (four)
    • tendin/o/tendon
    • ton/o- (tone)

    Muscular System - Tissue Types

    • Smooth muscle is involuntary, found in organs like the digestive system and blood vessels. 
    • Cardiac muscle is involuntary and forms the heart. 
    • Skeletal muscle is voluntary. 

    Muscular System - Diseases

    • Myology is the study of muscles.
    • Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an immune system disorder affecting muscles. 
    • Fibromyalgia is chronic pain in the muscles and soft tissues.
    • Musclar dystrophy (MD) is a hereditary disorder causing muscle weakness

    Muscular System - Paralysis

    • Paralysis is complete loss of voluntary movement in muscles. 
    • Paresis is partial or incomplete loss of this movement.
    • Hemiparesis is one side of the body, hemiplegia is total paralysis on one side. 
    • Paraplegia is both legs, quadriplegia is all four limbs.

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    Related Documents

    ANU Medical Terminology Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on musculoskeletal disorders with this quiz. You'll explore topics like fractures, inflammation of bones, muscular dystrophy, and muscle types. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike!

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