Musculoskeletal Trauma and Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

  • Connect bone to bone (correct)
  • Connect muscle to bone
  • Support blood vessels
  • Store calcium

Which type of fracture is characterized by the bone piercing through the skin?

  • Greenstick fracture
  • Compound fracture (correct)
  • Simple fracture
  • Comminuted fracture

What is a common complication of hip fractures in elderly populations?

  • Decreased bone density
  • Compartment syndrome
  • Fat embolism
  • Malunion (correct)

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing calcium levels in the blood?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic differentiating osteoporosis from osteopenia?

<p>Bone density measurement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary systemic effect of rheumatoid arthritis?

<p>Autoimmune attack on tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can positively affect bone healing?

<p>Adequate nutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoarthritis primarily affects which demographic group?

<p>Older adults (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that differentiates a sprain from a strain?

<p>Sprains are injuries to ligaments, while strains are injuries to muscles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT known to affect bone healing?

<p>Involvement of ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates osteoporosis from osteopenia?

<p>Osteoporosis presents with more severe bone density loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a role in calcium homeostasis by increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the inflammatory destruction of synovial joints?

<p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with hip fractures in older adults?

<p>Immobility and related conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of bone healing involves the formation of a hard callus?

<p>Reparative phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is primarily affected by a strain?

<p>Skeletal muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes compartment syndrome?

<p>A painful condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the population most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

<p>Older adults aged 65 and above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture where the bone breaks into more than two pieces. Imagine a twig snapping into several pieces.

Tendonitis

Inflammation of the tendon, often caused by overuse or repetitive strain. Imagine a tight rope, overworked, starting to fray.

Closed Fracture

A break in a bone, but the skin is still intact. Think of a clean break, no open wound.

Open Fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken and the broken end pierces the skin. Imagine a broken bone poking through the skin, creating an open wound.

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Nondisplaced Fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken, but the broken ends are still in alignment. Imagine a broken leg, but the broken ends still line up.

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Displaced Fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken, and the broken ends are out of alignment. Imagine a broken bone with the broken ends not lining up.

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Compartment Syndrome

It is an emergency condition that occurs when pressure within a muscle compartment increases, reducing blood flow. Imagine a tight band squeezing a limb, cutting off blood flow and causing pain and swelling.

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Malunion

A condition where the bone has healed, but it has healed in an abnormal position. Picture a repaired bone crookedly, affecting its function.

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Bone functions

Bones support and protect the body, allow movement, produce blood cells, and store minerals like calcium.

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Bone cell types

Osteoblasts build new bone, osteoclasts break down old bone, osteocytes maintain bone tissue.

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Bone growth and remodeling

Bone growth and remodeling happen throughout life, with new bone forming and old bone being broken down.

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Ligaments

Ligaments connect bone to bone, providing stability to joints.

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Sprains

Sprains are injuries to ligaments caused by stretching or tearing.

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Strains

Strains are injuries to muscles or tendons, often caused by overstretching or tearing.

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) role in calcium homeostasis

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by stimulating bone breakdown and calcium absorption in the gut.

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Vitamin D role in calcium homeostasis

Vitamin D helps absorb calcium from the gut, indirectly increasing blood calcium.

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Organs involved in calcium homeostasis

Bones, kidneys, intestines, and parathyroid glands are involved in regulating calcium levels.

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Study Notes

Musculoskeletal Trauma

  • Basic concepts of the musculoskeletal system

    • Describe main functions of bones
    • Differentiate types of bone cells
    • Describe bone growth and remodeling processes
    • Differentiate ligaments and tendons

  • Basic pathophysiologic concepts of musculoskeletal trauma

    • Differentiate between a sprain and a strain
    • Bone fractures (explain 7 types)
    • Bone healing (understanding phases and factors affecting healing, including malunion, delayed union, nonunion)
    • Complications of fractures (malunion, delayed union, nonunion, compartment syndrome, fat embolism, avascular necrosis (AVN))
    • Compartment syndrome, fat embolism, AVN (note that compartment syndrome is an emergency)

  • Pathophysiology of selected disorders (musculoskeletal trauma)

    • Hip fracture (identify population at risk, complications, and specific symptoms)
    • Identify the population most at risk for hip fracture
    • Identify complications of hip fracture

Degenerative Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

  • Basic concepts of health bone and joint function

    • Role of bone in calcium homeostasis
    • Functions of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in calcium homeostasis
    • Organs/tissues involved in calcium homeostasis

  • Pathophysiology of selected degenerative bone and joint disorders

    • Osteoporosis/osteopenia
      • Pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, complications (mention leading to specific symptoms)
      • Differentiate between osteoporosis and osteopenia
    • Osteoarthritis (OA)
      • Population most commonly affected
      • Pathophysiology and symptoms (mention S/Sx)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      • Pathophysiology and symptoms (mention S/Sx)
      • Systemic autoimmune disease
    • Compare and contrast RA and OA (include key differences)

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Musculoskeletal Objectives PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to the musculoskeletal system, including bone functions, types of bone cells, and the differences between sprains and strains. It also delves into common pathophysiologic issues associated with musculoskeletal trauma and degenerative disorders. Test your knowledge on fracture complications, bone healing, and calcium homeostasis.

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