Musculoskeletal Disorders Lesson Plan

A break or interruption in the continuity of a bone.

Most fractures occur due to an injury, such as a fall or a car accident.

Fractures can also occur due to weakened bones, such as in osteoporosis.

The way a fracture happened can tell us about the type of fracture and other injuries.

A boxer's fracture usually happens when someone punches a hard surface.

A sprain is a partial or complete tear of the ligaments that connect and stabilize bones at a joint. It usually happens when a joint is twisted or forced beyond its normal range of motion.

Sprains typically occur when a joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion. This can happen due to a sudden, forceful movement, like a fall or a twist.

The ankle, knee, and wrist are the most common sites for sprains. The ligaments in these joints are frequently subjected to stress and strain, making them vulnerable to tears.

The severity of a sprain is graded according to the extent of ligament damage. Grade I is a mild tear, Grade II is a moderate tear, and Grade III is a complete tear.

A sprain is a traumatic injury to a ligament, while a fracture involves a break in the bone. Sprains involve stretching or tearing of ligaments, while fractures involve a discontinuity in the bone.

A sprain can be treated with RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) to reduce pain and inflammation. Depending on the severity, immobilization, bracing, or surgery might be necessary.

Ligament injuries are more common during sports or activities involving repetitive movements or sudden forceful actions. People who participate in sports like basketball, soccer, or gymnastics are more prone to sprains.

Preventing sprains involves warming up properly before activities, wearing supportive footwear, and maintaining good joint stability. Proper training and techniques also help reduce risk.

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a major ligament in the knee, often caused by a sudden twisting or pivoting motion.

A loud popping sound may be heard at the time of injury, followed by swelling, instability, and difficulty fully extending the leg.

Doctors may use radiography or MRI to confirm the diagnosis, and arthroscopic surgery is often performed to repair the torn ligament.

A C-shaped piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber in the knee, located between the tibia and femur.

A tear in the meniscus, often accompanied by an ACL tear, occurs when the knee is twisted while weight-bearing.

Symptoms include mild swelling, joint pain, popping or clicking, and knee instability.

Diagnosis is made through physical examination and MRI, and surgery is often performed arthroscopically to repair the tear.

The strong tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.

A rupture of the Achilles tendon, often caused by sudden forceful movements, such as jumping or pivoting.

Symptoms include sudden pain, a popping sound, a depression above the heel, and inability to point the toes.

Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination and squeezing the calf muscles. Treatment may involve splinting, casting, or surgery.

Sac-like structures that cushion joints and reduce friction.

Inflammation of a bursa, commonly caused by injury or overuse.

Symptoms include localized tenderness, aching pain, swelling, and pain exacerbated by joint activity.

Treatment involves rest, anti-inflammatory medications, ice, massage, and compression. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used.

Grade 1 sprains involve a slight stretch or microscopic tear of the ligament, resulting in minimal swelling and pain.

Grade 2 sprains are more severe, involving partial tearing of the ligament, causing noticeable swelling and pain.

Grade 3 sprains are the most severe, involving a complete tear of the ligament, leading to significant swelling, pain, and instability in the joint.

RICE stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. It's the standard treatment for sprains, aiming to reduce swelling and pain, and protect the injured area.

The most commonly strained muscles are the back muscles, followed by the hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles.

Arnica, a plant-based remedy, is often used topically to soothe sore muscles after strenuous activity.

A dislocation is a serious injury where a bone is completely displaced from its joint, caused by trauma, stretching, and tearing of the ligaments.

Subluxation refers to a partial dislocation, where the bone is partially displaced from its joint.

Dislocations often involve an outside force pushing the bone from a specific direction, causing severe pain and abnormal joint appearance.

Reduction, the process of putting the bone back into its joint, is often done under anesthesia to reduce pain. Depending on the severity, manual reduction or spontaneous reduction may be used.

The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that help stabilize the shoulder joint. A rotator cuff tear involves damage to these muscles, causing pain and difficulty in certain shoulder movements.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in athletes, especially during activities involving sudden movements or forceful twisting of the knee.

ACL injuries are often caused by hyperextension, internal rotation, or extreme external rotation of the knee, especially during sudden deceleration.