Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic presentation of a hip fracture according to the SADDEr mnemonic?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Fat Embolism Syndrome as part of the Bergman Triad?
Which of the following is a common cause of long bone fractures?
When managing a hip fracture post-surgery, what is the recommended position for comfort?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with trauma and may lead to kidney monitoring?
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In the case of a spiral fracture, what may be a significant concern that warrants suspicion of abuse?
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What is the primary purpose of wearing a Milwaukee Brace?
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Which term describes the cracking or grating sound associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis?
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What is one of the key risks associated with the prolonged wearing of braces?
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What structure's function is primarily decreased or altered in those with muscle atrophy?
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What kind of gait is referred to as 'festinating gait'?
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Which condition is characterized by rigid contractions of muscles?
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Which of the following indicates inflammation of the soles of the feet?
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What is the significance of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in medical diagnostics?
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Which test would be used to measure the level of inflammation in the body?
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What condition is described as being twisted in an abnormal position, often referred to as 'wryneck'?
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Which condition involves loss of blood supply leading to necrosis?
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Which type of traction is indicated for a patient under 2 years old?
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What is the primary concern for a condition classified as non-union?
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What does hypovolemic shock specifically relate to in terms of blood loss?
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Which traction method requires the patient to be turned as a unit?
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Which condition is characterized by the abnormal union of bones?
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What is the typical drying time for synthetic casts?
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Which of the following describes a situation in which a fracture takes too long to unite?
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What is the appropriate duration for drying as per the given guidelines?
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Which complaint after drying indicates a potential infection?
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Which traction involves the knee being suspended?
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What intervention is suggested for managing the edges of a cast?
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What is the primary purpose of placing the palms in a dependent position during drying?
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Which method is used to check for neurovascular status?
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What is recommended for itching complaints during the drying process?
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What is the role of continuous pull in skeletal traction?
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Which type of arthritis is characterized by systemic effects and affects small joints bilaterally?
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In which type of arthritis are tophi deposits typically found in specific areas such as the earlobe and big toe?
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Which of the following best describes the pain pattern experienced in Osteoarthritis?
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What is a common characteristic that distinguishes Rheumatoid Arthritis from Osteoarthritis in terms of joint involvement?
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Which type of arthritis has a higher prevalence in males compared to females?
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What is the primary cause of pain in Gouty Arthritis?
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Which characteristic finding is commonly observed in late-stage Rheumatoid Arthritis?
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Which treatment is commonly recommended for managing Rheumatoid Arthritis during an acute phase?
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Which of the following joint conditions is classified as degenerative?
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Which of the following conditions involves both male and female populations equally in terms of prevalence?
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Study Notes
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Management
- Decreased muscle function can lead to muscle atrophy and contractures, limiting movement due to fibrosis.
- Back braces, such as the Milwaukee brace, are used for conditions like scoliosis and post-surgery support.
- Typical duration for wearing a brace is 18 to 23 hours daily.
- Back brace layers consist of pants, brace, and undershirt.
- Braces should be removed during bathing and swimming.
- Avoid putting anything on top of the brace to maintain proper function.
- Risks associated with brace usage include impaired skin integrity.
Common Musculoskeletal Conditions
- Crepitation (crepitus) refers to a cracking or grating sound, commonly seen in osteoarthritis and fractures.
- Muscle spasticity involves rigid contractions; myalgia refers to muscle pain or tenderness.
- Paresthesia leads to tingling or numbness sensations.
- Pes planus, or flat foot, and plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the soles, are additional musculoskeletal concerns.
- Torticollis, or wryneck, presents with abnormal neck positioning and can be linked to tetanus infection.
Diagnostic Tests and Conditions
- Antinuclear Antibody indicates autoimmune diseases; C-reactive Protein (CRP) levels rise in response to injury, infection, or inflammation.
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) helps assess conditions like AIDS and cancer.
- Spiral fractures suggest potential abuse and are specific for fracture diagnosis.
- Bergman Triad, associated with fat embolism syndrome, includes dyspnea, neurological impairment, and petechial rash.
Fracture Management and Types
- Characteristics of a hip fracture involve short, adducted, and externally rotated presentation.
- Elevation with pillows is recommended for managing hip fractures.
- Late onset of symptoms related to fractures can occur after 72 hours.
- Complications include malunion, avascular necrosis (loss of blood supply), nonunion, and delayed union.
- Osteomyelitis represents an infection in the bone requiring prompt attention.
Cast Care and Types of Traction
- Synthetic casts dry quickly (10-30 minutes); plaster casts take longer (48-72 hours) and should air dry.
- Traction types include Buck’s Traction, used for femur and hip injuries; Bryant traction (< 2 years old); and Russell Traction, suspending the knee.
- Neurovascular checks are essential for patients in a cast to prevent complications.
Types of Arthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune, affecting middle-aged individuals (35-50), primarily females, marked by systemic symptoms and small joints (bilateral).
- Osteoarthritis is inflammatory and degenerative, affecting individuals 60 years and older, predominantly large joints (unilateral).
- Gouty arthritis results from altered purine metabolism, primarily affecting males in middle age, and is characterized by tophi deposits (earlobes, big toes).
Pain Management and Treatment
- Morning stiffness is a prominent symptom of rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis pain typically occurs in the late afternoon/evening.
- Gouty arthritis triggers attacks following high uric acid intake (e.g., beer, shellfish).
- Management strategies include pain relief, activity modification (e.g., non-weight bearing, swimming), NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and opioids as needed.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics related to musculoskeletal disorders, including muscle function, brace usage, and common conditions such as osteoarthritis and spasticity. Test your knowledge on management strategies and risks associated with musculoskeletal issues. Engage with scenarios that involve typical treatments and their implications.
