66 Questions
What is the leading cause of death in patients with Systemic Sclerosis?
Pulmonary hypertension
Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of Systemic Sclerosis based on skin involvement?
Generalized skin, multiple end-organs
What is the main concern regarding Raynaud syndrome in patients with Systemic Sclerosis from an anesthesia perspective?
Cutaneous vasospasm
Which connective tissue disease is commonly associated with patients having both systemic sclerosis and Raynaud syndrome?
Sjogren disease
What is the primary concern in patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV undergoing anesthesia due to vascular fragility?
Vascular fragility
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with Marfan Syndrome?
Peripheral vascular disease
Why is the presence of pulmonary hypertension considered an ominous sign in patients with Systemic Sclerosis?
It leads to increased risks during surgery
Which condition has joint hypermobility, muscle weakness, scoliosis, and osteopenia as its characteristics?
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VI
In Systemic Sclerosis, which is more common than end-organ failure?
Pulmonary hypertension
Which of the following is NOT a key component of musculoskeletal and autoimmune diseases/disorders?
Acute pain
In rheumatoid arthritis, which joints are more commonly affected?
Distal joints
What is the approximate prevalence of atlantoaxial subluxation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
46%
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of rheumatoid arthritis involving the airway?
Tracheal stenosis
What is the typical gender distribution of rheumatoid arthritis?
Women are double the number of men
Which of the following is NOT a common dermatologic manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Purpuric rash
What is the primary cause of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Chronic pulmonary emboli and vasculopathy
Which of the following is NOT a potential cardiovascular manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Aortic stenosis
In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), what is a potential paradoxical finding despite a prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT)?
Increased risk of thromboembolic events
What percentage of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis may experience atlantoaxial subluxation?
46%
Which joint is commonly involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis and is known for limited mouth opening and hoarseness?
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
What is a potential consequence of chronic inflammation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) involving the integumentary system?
Hair loss (alopecia)
Which feature is characteristic of systemic sclerosis and can result in Raynaud phenomenon, skin thickening, and nailfold capillary changes?
Sclerodactyly
In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), what is considered end-stage renal disease?
Lupus nephritis
What is a potential musculoskeletal manifestation that can occur in up to 46% of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis involving the cervical spine?
Atlantoaxial subluxation
Which organ system is commonly affected by vasculitis due to chronic inflammation in autoimmune diseases?
Renal system
What is the primary concern regarding airway management in patients with Systemic Sclerosis?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about Raynaud syndrome is accurate?
It is an exaggerated vascular response to cold or stress, often associated with connective tissue diseases
In patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV, what is the primary concern regarding anesthesia due to vascular fragility?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about Marfan Syndrome is accurate?
It is associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection and mitral valve prolapse
In patients with Systemic Sclerosis, which of the following is the leading cause of death?
Pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease
Which of the following statements regarding antiphospholipid antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis is accurate?
They are associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events
Which of the following statements about the classification of Systemic Sclerosis is accurate?
The diffuse form is characterized by generalized skin involvement and multiple end-organ involvement
Which of the following laboratory tests is commonly indicated in the evaluation of patients with Systemic Sclerosis?
EKG, electrolytes, complete blood count, and partial thromboplastin time
Which of the following is a primary function of hepatocytes?
All of the above
Which of the following conditions primarily impacts the biliary system?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Which symptom is not typically associated with liver disease?
Fever
What is the minimum bilirubin level required to detect jaundice (icterus) in mucous membranes during a physical exam?
$2.5 \text{ mg/dL}$
Which of the following tests is not typically included in the initial evaluation of liver disease?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Which of the following is the primary cause of coagulopathy in liver disease?
All of the above
Which viral hepatitis is diagnosed by the presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies?
Hepatitis A
Which condition is characterized by the presence of surface and core antigens?
Hepatitis B
Which of the following is not a potential cause of obstructive liver disease?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What is the primary concern regarding extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in the perioperative period?
Increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Which of the following is NOT a predictor of poor outcome in patients with liver disease undergoing surgery?
Thrombocytopenia
In the management of coagulopathy in liver disease, what is the recommended treatment for a factor deficiency etiology?
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
What is the primary concern regarding cirrhosis and its end result of portal hypertension?
Esophageal varices
Which of the following is NOT a recommended risk reduction strategy for patients with liver disease undergoing surgery?
Increasing sodium intake
In the management of encephalopathy in liver disease, what is the recommended dosing schedule for lactulose?
30 ml every 6 hours, with the last dose at least 12 hours before surgery
What is the primary concern regarding airway management in patients with systemic sclerosis?
Potential for airway edema and obstruction due to skin tightening
Which of the following is a potential cause of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
All of the above
In patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV, what is the primary concern regarding anesthesia due to vascular fragility?
Potential for spontaneous arterial dissection or rupture
Which liver function is primarily affected in obstructive disorders involving the biliary system?
Bile regulation
What is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Viral infections
Which symptom would warrant further workup in a patient with liver disease?
Pruritus
What is the expected bilirubin level required to observe jaundice in mucous membranes during a physical examination?
> 2.5 mg/dL
Which of the following is a potential cause of coagulopathy in liver disease?
Cholestasis
What are the three main components of a Coagulopathy in liver disease?
Factor deficiency, Thrombocytopenia, Cholestasis
Which of the following is a primary risk reduction strategy for patients with liver disease undergoing surgery?
Delaying elective surgery in the face of acute hepatitis or encephalopathy
What is the recommended treatment for coagulopathy due to factor deficiency in patients with liver disease?
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
What is the typical dosing schedule for lactulose in the management of encephalopathy in liver disease?
30ml every 6 hours, with the last dose at least 12 hours before surgery
Which of the following is considered a predictor of poor outcome in patients with liver disease undergoing surgery?
PT less than 3 seconds refractive to vitamin K
What is the primary concern regarding obstructive jaundice in the perioperative period?
Increased risk of acute kidney injury
What is the leading cause of death in patients with Systemic Sclerosis?
Pulmonary hypertension
Which of the following is NOT a potential cardiovascular manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
Rheumatoid nodules
What is the primary cause of coagulopathy in liver disease?
Decreased clotting factor production
Which of the following is NOT a predictor of poor outcome in patients with liver disease undergoing surgery?
Serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL
Test your knowledge on musculoskeletal and autoimmune evaluation in health assessment, focusing on diseases and disorders such as chronic inflammation and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Learn about deformities, multiorgan dysfunction, joint involvement, gender prevalence, and specific symptoms.
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