20 Questions
Muscular dystrophies are caused by the excess production of the protein Dystrophin.
False
Duchenne is the least common form of muscular dystrophy.
False
Muscular dystrophies can only manifest with symptoms in early childhood.
False
There is currently a cure for muscular dystrophies.
False
Nerve entrapment can lead to pain and loss of function.
True
Spinal cord is divided into three areas: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
False
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a condition that causes pressure on the spinal cord or nerves in the lower back
True
Incomplete spinal cord injuries result in total loss of feeling and function below the injury site
False
Spinal cord disorders can only be caused by external factors such as compression and injury
False
Surgical treatment for spinal cord disorders may involve the removal of tumors
True
Muscular dystrophy is a subgroup of myopathic diseases.
True
Muscular dystrophy leads to progressive, generalized weakness and wasting of the muscles.
True
Muscular dystrophy can only be caused by mutations in a single gene.
False
The most frequent cause of muscular dystrophy is changes in the X-linked gene, which encodes dystrophin.
True
At the end stage of muscular dystrophy, the muscle fibers are replaced by fibro-fatty tissue.
True
True or false: Syringomyelia is a condition characterized by a fluid-filled cavity or cyst called a syrinx in the brain.
False
True or false: Congenital syringomyelia is often associated with a Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus, or larger than normal connected cavities.
True
True or false: Acquired syringomyelia can be caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12.
False
True or false: Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is most commonly caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12.
True
True or false: Diagnosis of syringomyelia includes tests such as CT scan, MRI, and electromyogram.
True
Study Notes
- Syringomyelia is a condition characterized by a fluid-filled cavity or cyst called a syrinx in the spinal cord.
- The syrinx can expand over time, compressing or destroying surrounding nerve tissue.
- Developed when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the spinal cord or lower brain stem is disturbed.
- Congenital type of syringomyelia is often associated with a Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus, or larger than normal connected cavities.
- Acquired syringomyelia can be idiopathic or caused by a spinal cord tumor or tethered cord, among other unknown reasons.
- Symptoms include pain, weakness, headaches, reduced skin sensations, muscle atrophy, and sexual dysfunction, among others.
- Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is a neurological disorder characterized by degeneration of the spinal cord, particularly affecting the posterior and lateral columns.
- Most commonly caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, which makes the myelin sheath more susceptible to damage.
- SCD symptoms include sensory disturbances, muscle weakness, difficulty with coordination, and impaired balance and reflexes.
- Diagnosis includes medical history, physical examination, and various tests such as CT scan, MRI, X-ray, and electromyogram.
- Post-operative complications include infection, incomplete removal of a herniated disc or bone spur, spinal fluid leak, paralysis, injury to an individual nerve, and adverse effects of anesthesia.
Test your knowledge of evaluating and diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions. This quiz covers the history of symptoms, physical examinations, imaging tests, and electro-diagnosis tests used for diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
