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Questions and Answers
Which type of muscle is responsible for moving food through the digestive tract?
Which type of muscle is responsible for moving food through the digestive tract?
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?
Which of the following is NOT a visible muscle on the anterior side of the body?
Which of the following is NOT a visible muscle on the anterior side of the body?
What is the defining characteristic of skeletal muscle?
What is the defining characteristic of skeletal muscle?
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Where does a muscle's insertion typically occur?
Where does a muscle's insertion typically occur?
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What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
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Which type of muscle is responsible for heart contractions?
Which type of muscle is responsible for heart contractions?
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What is the difference between the origin and insertion of a muscle?
What is the difference between the origin and insertion of a muscle?
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What is the function of the muscles that connect the tongue to other structures?
What is the function of the muscles that connect the tongue to other structures?
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Which type of exercise primarily increases muscle size and power?
Which type of exercise primarily increases muscle size and power?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular exercise in relation to muscle health?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular exercise in relation to muscle health?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about muscle contraction?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about muscle contraction?
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What is the significance of maintaining good posture?
What is the significance of maintaining good posture?
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How can oral muscle exercises benefit patients?
How can oral muscle exercises benefit patients?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of how ergonomics can be applied in a dental office?
Which of the following is NOT an example of how ergonomics can be applied in a dental office?
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What is a significant implication of sarcopenia for dental patients?
What is a significant implication of sarcopenia for dental patients?
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Flashcards
Muscular System
Muscular System
Allows movement and stability, composed of over 600 muscles.
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Striated muscle attached to bones for voluntary movement; under conscious control.
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Non-striated muscle found in organs; involuntary; produces slow contractions.
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Muscle Origin
Muscle Origin
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Muscle Insertion
Muscle Insertion
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Frontalis
Frontalis
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Masseter
Masseter
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Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
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Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
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Contraction (muscle function)
Contraction (muscle function)
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Relaxation (muscle function)
Relaxation (muscle function)
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Muscle health importance
Muscle health importance
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Aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise
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Core muscles
Core muscles
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Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia
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Study Notes
Introduction
- The muscular system gives humans the ability to stand, walk, run, jump, and make facial expressions
- The system is comprised of over 600 individual muscles
- Muscles work together to create movement
- Each muscle contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood vessels
Skeletal Muscle
- Also called "striated" muscle
- Attaches to bones to allow voluntary movement
- Has a striped appearance under a microscope
- Under conscious control
- Example: moving your arms and legs
Smooth Muscle
- Found/lines internal organs, blood vessels, and glands
- No striped appearance
- Involuntary - not under conscious control
- Produces slow, sustained contractions
- Example: moving food through the digestive tract
Cardiac Muscle
- Forms the walls of the heart
- Striated appearance but is involuntary like smooth muscle
- Extremely durable - beats approximately 4 billion times in a lifetime
- Fibers connect to create a supportive network
3 Types of Muscle
- Skeletal: Striated, Voluntary Movement
- Smooth: Smooth, no stripes, Involuntary Movement
- Cardiac: Striated, Involuntary Movement
Muscle Origin & Insertion
- Origin: Where the muscle begins/attaches to the less movable part, typically closer to the body's midline
- Insertion: Where the muscle ends/attaches to the more movable part, typically farther from the body's midline
Key Muscles (Anterior)
- Pectoralis major (chest)
- Rectus abdominis (abs)
- Biceps brachii (upper arm)
- Quadriceps (thigh)
Key Muscles (Posterior)
- Trapezius (upper back)
- Latissimus dorsi (mid-back)
- Triceps brachii (back of upper arm)
- Gluteus maximus (buttocks)
Muscles of the Head & Neck
- Frontalis: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
- Masseter: Closes jaw
- Orbicularis oculi: Closes the eye
- Orbicularis oris: Puckers the lip
- Many other muscles (research needed)
Muscles of the Tongue
- Intrinsic muscles: Within the tongue itself
- Extrinsic muscles: Connect the tongue to other structures
- Important for speech, swallowing, and oral hygiene
Muscle Function: Contraction & Relaxation
- Muscles are the only body tissue that can contract and relax
- Contraction: Muscle becomes shorter and thicker
- Relaxation: Muscle returns to its original shape
- Muscles work in opposing pairs
- When one contracts, the other relaxes
Muscle Function
- Relaxation: Muscles lengthen to allow movement in the opposite direction. Requires less energy than contraction
- Contraction: Muscles shorten to produce movement. Uses energy in the form of ATP. Triggered by nerve signals
Actions of Muscles
- Flexion: Decreases the angle of a joint
- Extension: Increases the angle of a joint
- Adduction: Moves closer to the midline
- Abduction: Moves away from the midline
- Pronation: Turns the palm down
- Supination: Turns the palm up
- Dorsiflexion: Elevates the foot
- Plantar flexion: Lowers the foot (points toes)
- Inversion: Moves sole of foot medially
- Eversion: Moves sole of foot laterally
- Rotation: Moves a bone around its longitudinal axis
Importance of Muscle Health
- Oral muscle exercises can improve muscle tone and function and are useful for people with specific conditions.
- Regular exercise and proper nutrition can slow the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging (sarcopenia).
- Proper posture and positioning can reduce muscle strain in the dental office. This is important for both dental professionals and patients and can help prevent long-term muscular issues.
- Muscle health is important for overall health and independence, especially in older adults.
Muscular System and Exercise
- Different types of exercise affect muscles in different ways.
- Aerobic exercise improves muscle endurance,
- Strength training increases muscle size and power
- Flexibility exercises enhance muscle elasticity.
Muscles and Posture
- Muscles, especially the core muscles (abs and back), play a crucial role in maintaining good posture.
- Poor posture can lead to muscle imbalances and pain.
Oral Muscle Exercises
- Can improve muscle tone and function
- Useful for patients with certain conditions (e.g., bruxism)
- May be recommended as part of treatment plans
Ergonomics in the Dental Office
- Proper posture and positioning are important to reduce muscle strain.
- Ergonomics is important for both dental professionals and patients.
- Proper ergonomics can help prevent long-term muscular issues.
Muscles and Aging
- Natural loss of muscle mass and strength occurs with age (sarcopenia)
- It can be slowed with regular exercise and proper nutrition.
- Maintaining muscle health is important for independence in older adults and affects dental health.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the muscular system and its components. This quiz covers skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, highlighting their structures and functions. Understand how muscles enable movement and their role in the human body.
