Muscular System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for moving food through the digestive tract?

  • Skeletal muscle
  • Smooth muscle (correct)
  • Cardiac muscle
  • All of the above

What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?

  • Closing the jaw (correct)
  • Raising eyebrows and wrinkling forehead
  • Closing the eye
  • Puckering the lip

Which of the following is NOT a visible muscle on the anterior side of the body?

  • Rectus abdominis
  • Biceps brachii
  • Pectoralis major
  • Trapezius (correct)

What is the defining characteristic of skeletal muscle?

<p>It is voluntary and has a striped appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does a muscle's insertion typically occur?

<p>Further from the body's midline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

<p>Closing the eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for heart contractions?

<p>Cardiac muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the origin and insertion of a muscle?

<p>The origin is where the muscle starts, and the insertion is where the muscle ends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscles that connect the tongue to other structures?

<p>They help in speech, swallowing, and oral hygiene. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exercise primarily increases muscle size and power?

<p>Strength training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular exercise in relation to muscle health?

<p>Increased risk of sarcopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about muscle contraction?

<p>It is triggered by nerve signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of maintaining good posture?

<p>It helps prevent muscle imbalances and pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can oral muscle exercises benefit patients?

<p>They can improve muscle tone and function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of how ergonomics can be applied in a dental office?

<p>Prescribing pain medication for muscle strain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant implication of sarcopenia for dental patients?

<p>It can make it difficult for patients to chew and maintain oral hygiene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Muscular System

Allows movement and stability, composed of over 600 muscles.

Skeletal Muscle

Striated muscle attached to bones for voluntary movement; under conscious control.

Smooth Muscle

Non-striated muscle found in organs; involuntary; produces slow contractions.

Cardiac Muscle

Striated muscle forming the heart walls; involuntary and durable.

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Muscle Origin

Point where muscle attaches to a less movable part, usually near midline.

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Muscle Insertion

Point where muscle attaches to a more movable part, usually farther from midline.

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Frontalis

Muscle that raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead.

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Masseter

Muscle that closes the jaw, crucial for chewing.

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Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Muscles located within the tongue that control its shape and movement.

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Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Muscles that connect the tongue to other structures in the mouth and throat.

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Contraction (muscle function)

The process where a muscle shortens and thickens to produce movement.

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Relaxation (muscle function)

The process where a muscle lengthens and returns to its original shape after contraction.

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Muscle health importance

Maintaining muscle health is crucial for movement, posture, and overall well-being.

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Aerobic exercise

Exercise that improves muscle endurance by increasing cardiovascular fitness.

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Core muscles

Muscles in the abdomen and back that are key to maintaining good posture.

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Sarcopenia

The natural loss of muscle mass and strength as one ages, which can be mitigated by exercise.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • The muscular system gives humans the ability to stand, walk, run, jump, and make facial expressions
  • The system is comprised of over 600 individual muscles
  • Muscles work together to create movement
  • Each muscle contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood vessels

Skeletal Muscle

  • Also called "striated" muscle
  • Attaches to bones to allow voluntary movement
  • Has a striped appearance under a microscope
  • Under conscious control
  • Example: moving your arms and legs

Smooth Muscle

  • Found/lines internal organs, blood vessels, and glands
  • No striped appearance
  • Involuntary - not under conscious control
  • Produces slow, sustained contractions
  • Example: moving food through the digestive tract

Cardiac Muscle

  • Forms the walls of the heart
  • Striated appearance but is involuntary like smooth muscle
  • Extremely durable - beats approximately 4 billion times in a lifetime
  • Fibers connect to create a supportive network

3 Types of Muscle

  • Skeletal: Striated, Voluntary Movement
  • Smooth: Smooth, no stripes, Involuntary Movement
  • Cardiac: Striated, Involuntary Movement

Muscle Origin & Insertion

  • Origin: Where the muscle begins/attaches to the less movable part, typically closer to the body's midline
  • Insertion: Where the muscle ends/attaches to the more movable part, typically farther from the body's midline

Key Muscles (Anterior)

  • Pectoralis major (chest)
  • Rectus abdominis (abs)
  • Biceps brachii (upper arm)
  • Quadriceps (thigh)

Key Muscles (Posterior)

  • Trapezius (upper back)
  • Latissimus dorsi (mid-back)
  • Triceps brachii (back of upper arm)
  • Gluteus maximus (buttocks)

Muscles of the Head & Neck

  • Frontalis: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
  • Masseter: Closes jaw
  • Orbicularis oculi: Closes the eye
  • Orbicularis oris: Puckers the lip
  • Many other muscles (research needed)

Muscles of the Tongue

  • Intrinsic muscles: Within the tongue itself
  • Extrinsic muscles: Connect the tongue to other structures
  • Important for speech, swallowing, and oral hygiene

Muscle Function: Contraction & Relaxation

  • Muscles are the only body tissue that can contract and relax
  • Contraction: Muscle becomes shorter and thicker
  • Relaxation: Muscle returns to its original shape
  • Muscles work in opposing pairs
  • When one contracts, the other relaxes

Muscle Function

  • Relaxation: Muscles lengthen to allow movement in the opposite direction. Requires less energy than contraction
  • Contraction: Muscles shorten to produce movement. Uses energy in the form of ATP. Triggered by nerve signals

Actions of Muscles

  • Flexion: Decreases the angle of a joint
  • Extension: Increases the angle of a joint
  • Adduction: Moves closer to the midline
  • Abduction: Moves away from the midline
  • Pronation: Turns the palm down
  • Supination: Turns the palm up
  • Dorsiflexion: Elevates the foot
  • Plantar flexion: Lowers the foot (points toes)
  • Inversion: Moves sole of foot medially
  • Eversion: Moves sole of foot laterally
  • Rotation: Moves a bone around its longitudinal axis

Importance of Muscle Health

  • Oral muscle exercises can improve muscle tone and function and are useful for people with specific conditions.
  • Regular exercise and proper nutrition can slow the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging (sarcopenia).
  • Proper posture and positioning can reduce muscle strain in the dental office. This is important for both dental professionals and patients and can help prevent long-term muscular issues.
  • Muscle health is important for overall health and independence, especially in older adults.

Muscular System and Exercise

  • Different types of exercise affect muscles in different ways.
  • Aerobic exercise improves muscle endurance,
  • Strength training increases muscle size and power
  • Flexibility exercises enhance muscle elasticity.

Muscles and Posture

  • Muscles, especially the core muscles (abs and back), play a crucial role in maintaining good posture.
  • Poor posture can lead to muscle imbalances and pain.

Oral Muscle Exercises

  • Can improve muscle tone and function
  • Useful for patients with certain conditions (e.g., bruxism)
  • May be recommended as part of treatment plans

Ergonomics in the Dental Office

  • Proper posture and positioning are important to reduce muscle strain.
  • Ergonomics is important for both dental professionals and patients.
  • Proper ergonomics can help prevent long-term muscular issues.

Muscles and Aging

  • Natural loss of muscle mass and strength occurs with age (sarcopenia)
  • It can be slowed with regular exercise and proper nutrition.
  • Maintaining muscle health is important for independence in older adults and affects dental health.

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