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Questions and Answers
What type of muscles are found in the upper limbs?
What type of muscles are found in the upper limbs?
What alternative name is given to skeletal muscles?
What alternative name is given to skeletal muscles?
When fibers of the muscles attach to both sides of a tendon, what is this configuration called?
When fibers of the muscles attach to both sides of a tendon, what is this configuration called?
Which muscle can be an example of the convergent type?
Which muscle can be an example of the convergent type?
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What is the term for a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to bone?
What is the term for a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to bone?
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Which type of skeletal muscle has fibers arranged in a triangular shape?
Which type of skeletal muscle has fibers arranged in a triangular shape?
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What describes the fibers of unipennate muscles?
What describes the fibers of unipennate muscles?
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Which muscle type is characterized by fibers that attach to multiple tendons?
Which muscle type is characterized by fibers that attach to multiple tendons?
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What is the term for the fleshy part of a skeletal muscle?
What is the term for the fleshy part of a skeletal muscle?
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In which type of muscle are fibers arranged to allow the closure of openings, such as the mouth or eyes?
In which type of muscle are fibers arranged to allow the closure of openings, such as the mouth or eyes?
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What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
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Which type of muscle is primarily under voluntary control?
Which type of muscle is primarily under voluntary control?
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Where are smooth muscles typically located?
Where are smooth muscles typically located?
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What is the fixed part of a skeletal muscle called?
What is the fixed part of a skeletal muscle called?
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Which of the following correctly describes cardiac muscles?
Which of the following correctly describes cardiac muscles?
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What is the central portion of a skeletal muscle that is contractile called?
What is the central portion of a skeletal muscle that is contractile called?
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What type of nerve supplies skeletal muscles?
What type of nerve supplies skeletal muscles?
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What is a flattened tendon that connects muscles to bones called?
What is a flattened tendon that connects muscles to bones called?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Muscular System
- Over 600 skeletal muscles in the body
- Account for 40-50% of body weight
- Muscles shape and contour the body
Functions of Skeletal Muscles
- Enable body movements
- Maintain posture
- Stabilize joints
- Generate heat
- Maintain body position
Definition of Muscle
- The only tissue capable of contraction in response to a stimulus
- Muscle contraction results in movement of body parts
Types of Muscles
- Three types:
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
Smooth Muscles
- Non-striated, spindle-shaped, uninuclated
- Involuntary
- Found in walls of internal organs and blood vessels (e.g., digestive tract, blood vessels, bladder)
- Controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Cardiac Muscles
- Rectangular, striated, uninucleated
- Involuntary
- Located only in the heart
- Controlled by the autonomic nervous system
- Reacts to electrical stimulation
Skeletal Muscles
- Striated, tubular, multinucleated
- Voluntary (controlled by somatic nervous system)
- Attached to bones
- Responsible for movement and posture
Differences Between the 3 Muscle Types
| Feature | Smooth Muscle | Cardiac Muscle | Skeletal Muscle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shape | Spindle-shaped | Rectangular | Cylindrical/Tubular |
| Striations | Non-striated | Striated | Striated |
| Nucleus | Single | Single | Multiple |
| Control | Involuntary | Involuntary | Voluntary |
| Location | Internal organs, blood vessels | Heart | Attached to bones |
Parts of Skeletal Muscle
- Origin: The fixed attachment point of a skeletal muscle (usually to a bone)
- Insertion: The movable attachment point of a skeletal muscle (also usually to a bone, cartilage, skin, deep fascia or other muscle)
- Belly: The thick, middle region of the muscle between the origin and insertion (this portion is contractile)
- Tendon: Fibrous cord that attaches to the bone in the origin or insertion point.
- Aponeurosis: A sheet-like, fibrous tendon.
Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
-
Parallel:
- Quadrilateral (e.g., thyrohyoid)
- Strap-like (e.g., rectus abdominis)
-
Oblique/Pennate:
- Unipennate (e.g., some extensor muscles of the forearm)
- Bipennate (e.g., rectus femoris)
- Multipennate (e.g., deltoid)
- Circumpennate (e.g. some muscles in the hand)
- Triangular: (e.g., trapezius)
- Circular: (e.g., orbicularis oculi – eyelid muscle)
- Convergent: The muscle fibers converge at a point(e.g. pectoralis major)
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Description
Explore the key features and functions of the muscular system, including the different types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. This quiz covers the anatomy, physiology, and importance of muscles in the human body. Test your knowledge on muscle contraction, movements, and the role of muscles in maintaining posture and generating heat.
