Muscular System Overview Quiz

Muscular System Overview

• Focuses on the body's support systems, specifically the structures, functions, and disorders of the muscular system.

Types of Muscles

• Skeletal: Attached to bones, enabling movement.
• Cardiac: Found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
• Smooth: Located in organs and blood vessels, controlling involuntary functions like digestion.
• Sphincter: Specialized circular muscles that regulate passage of substances.

Characteristics of Muscles

• Contractibility: Muscle tissue's ability to shorten.
• Excitability: Muscle's response to stimuli.
• Extensibility: Ability to stretch or extend.
• Elasticity: Ability to return to its original state.

Muscles - Anterior and Posterior

• Lists various anterior and posterior muscles, including their specific names and locations.

Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Frontalis: Moves eyebrows and wrinkles forehead.
• Masseter: Chewing muscle of the jaw.
• Orbicularis Oculi: Closes eyelids.
• Orbicularis Oris: Encircles mouth.
• Temporalis: Chewing muscle of upper jaw.
• Zygomaticus Major: Smiling muscle.
• Sternocleidomastoid: Rotates and flexes neck.

Muscles of the Torso/Trunk

• External Intercostals: Assists lungs in breathing by raising the ribcage.
• Diaphragm: Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities; contracts and flattens during inhalation.
• Rectus Abdominis: Long, thin abdominal muscle involved in core function and "six-pack" appearance.
• External Oblique: Located on each side of rectus abdominus, crucial for trunk twisting actions.
• Internal Oblique: Assists with twisting and respiration.
• Latissimus Dorsi: Largest upper back muscle; involved in many movements.

Muscles of the Upper Extremities

• Trapezius: Upper back muscle supporting arm and scapula movement.
• Deltoid: Helps lift the upper arm. Good injection site.
• Pectoralis Major: Major chest muscle assisting with arm movements and posture.
• Biceps Brachii: Lifts the forearm of the upper arm.
• Triceps Brachii: Straightens the arm in the posterior upper arm.
• Brachioradialis: Forearm flexor, aiding in pronation and supination.

Muscles of the Lower Extremities

• Gluteus Medius: Outer hip muscle aiding in hip movement.
• Gluteus Maximus: Butt muscle that performs various hip movements.
• Vastus Lateralis: Thigh muscle involved in leg extension.
• Gastrocnemius: Calf muscle (with soleus) used in bending and moving knee.
• Soleus: Calf muscle aiding with knee bending and movement.
• Sartorius: The longest muscle; functions in hip and leg movements/crossing legs.
• Rectus Femoris: Thigh muscle in the quadriceps group, critical for knee extension and hip movements.
• Tibialis Anterior: Anterior tibia muscle; dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

Muscle Tone

• Atrophy: Wasting away of muscle due to disuse.
• Hypertrophy: Muscle overgrowth due to use or training.
• Muscle Fatigue: Inability to generate force resulting from exhaustion.

Functions of the Muscular System

• Movement: Enables body and limb movement by skeletal muscles.
• Skeletal System: Supports and assists skeletal muscles via tendons and ligaments.
• Digestive System: Smooth muscles aid digestion.
• Heart: Muscular contraction pumps blood.
• Posture: Holds body erect and balanced.
• Body Heat: Generates heat as a byproduct of muscle activity.

Disorders of the Muscular System

• Fibromyalgia: Chronic widespread muscle pain.
• Hernia: Organ pushes through an opening in a muscle.
• Muscle Spasms: Involuntary muscle contraction triggered by various factors.
• Muscular Dystrophy: Group of progressive muscle weakness diseases.
• Strain: Muscle tear or damage usually overuse related.
• Tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons often caused overuse or excessive workload.
• Tetanus: (Lockjaw) A serious illness caused by bacteria; muscles tighten/contracting.

Test your knowledge on the muscular system, including its types, characteristics, and specific muscles of the body. This quiz covers key aspects such as skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, alongside their functions and disorders. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of human anatomy.