Muscular System Overview in Dogs
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Questions and Answers

What defines the origin of a muscle?

  • The dense connective tissue connecting the muscle to bone.
  • The central part of the muscle tissue.
  • The more movable attachment in limbs.
  • The less movable attachment in limbs. (correct)

    • Which type of muscle attachment involves a flat, tendinous sheet?

  • Aponeurotic attachment (correct)
  • Intrinsic attachment
  • Tendinous attachment
  • Fleshy attachment

    • What is the belly of a muscle referred to?

  • The thick fleshy central part of the muscle tissue. (correct)
  • The proximal attachment point of the muscle.
  • The distal attachment point of the muscle.
  • The dense connective tissue connecting muscle to bone.

    • Intrinsic muscles are characterized by which of the following?

    <p>They lie completely within one region of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment involves an apparent direct connection of muscles to bone?

    <p>Fleshy attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle primarily makes up the bulk of the muscular system in dogs?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue surrounds an entire muscle?

    <p>Epimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the endomysium in muscle fibers?

    <p>It serves as the connective tissue between individual muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the topics within this module organized for study?

    <p>By the region of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about skeletal muscle?

    <p>It is primarily responsible for voluntary movements in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for opening the jaw?

    <p>Digastricus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the masseter muscle?

    <p>To close the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates most of the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in the side-to-side movement of the mouth during mastication?

    <p>Medial pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the buccinator muscle?

    <p>To draw the cheek inward against the teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is known as the 'trumpeter’s muscle'?

    <p>Buccinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle draws the angle of the mouth caudally?

    <p>Platysma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strongest muscle in the head responsible for closing the jaw?

    <p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a member of the hamstring muscle group?

    <p>Quadriceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many heads does the triceps brachii have in dogs?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deltoideus muscle includes the scapular part and which other part?

    <p>Acromial part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle contributes to the formation of the common calcanean tendon?

    <p>Superficial digital flexor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the thickened structure at the distal end of the scapular spine?

    <p>Acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as an epaxial muscle?

    <p>Longus coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the abdominal muscles, which is the deepest?

    <p>Transversus abdominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure serves to divide the cleidocephalicus from the cleidobrachialis?

    <p>Clavicular tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

    <p>Raises the eyelid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement does the dorsal rectus muscle perform?

    <p>Elevates the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for turning the globe of the eye medially?

    <p>Medial rectus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is involved in depressing the lower eyelid?

    <p>Palpebral part of the deep sphincter of the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the retractor bulbi muscle?

    <p>Retracts the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is classified as an extrinsic muscle of the ear?

    <p>Rostral auricular muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ventral oblique muscle?

    <p>Extorts the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the levator anguli oculi medialis primarily associated with?

    <p>Frontal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscular System Overview

    • Muscles are organs that contract to produce movement.
    • This module focuses on the skeletal muscle of dogs.
    • It provides an overview of common muscles observed during dissection.
    • Topics are arranged per region of the body, simulating actual muscle dissection.

    Muscle Structure

    • Skeletal muscle is the primary muscle type in the body.
    • Endomysium is the connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers.
    • Perimysium is the connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers.
    • Epimysium is the connective tissue surrounding an entire muscle; it forms the deep fascia of the muscle.

    Muscle Attachment

    • Origin is the less movable attachment point. In limbs, it is the more proximal attachment.
    • Insertion is the more movable attachment point. In limbs, it is the more distal attachment.
    • Belly is the thick, fleshy central part of the muscle tissue.
    • Fleshy attachment is the direct attachment of muscles to bone.
    • Tendinous attachment is the dense connective tissue connecting a spindle-shaped or pennate muscle to bone.
    • Aponeurotic attachment is the flat, tendinous sheet associated with flat muscles like those of the abdominal wall.

    Intrinsic Muscles

    • Intrinsic muscles lie completely within one region of the body, having their origin and insertion within that region.
    • They act on the bones in that specific region.

    Muscles of Mastication

    • More muscle mass is devoted to elevation (closing) the mandible than to depression (opening).
    • Most muscles of mastication are innervated by the trigeminal nerve.

    Digastricus Muscle

    • The only muscle that opens the jaw, aided by gravity.

    Masseter Muscle

    • Closes the jaw.
    • Located lateral to the mandible, at the deep masseteric fossa.

    Temporalis Muscle

    • Closes the jaw.
    • The largest and strongest muscle of the head.
    • Covers much of the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the skull.

    Medial and Lateral Pterygoids

    • Deep muscles located medial to the mandible.
    • Aid in jaw closure.
    • Responsible for side-to-side movement of the mouth, typical in herbivores.

    Muscles of Facial Expression (Mimetic Muscles)

    • Move the skin and appendages of the face and head.
    • Thin cutaneous muscles innervated by the facial nerve.

    Muscles of the Cheek

    • Platysma: The most superficial muscle of the face. Draws the angle of the mouth caudally.
    • Buccinator: Forms the non-cutaneous substance of the cheek. Draws the cheek inward against the teeth.

    Muscles of the Lips

    • Levator nasolabialis: One of the most superficial muscle layers. Covers the lateral surface of the nasal bone and maxilla.
    • Levator anguli oculi medialis: Passes from the medial palpebral angle to the frontal bone. Raises the upper eyelid and erects eyebrow hair.
    • Levator palpebrae superioris: Arises deep within the orbit and inserts into the upper eyelid. Raises the eyelid.
    • Palpebral part of the deep sphincter of the neck: Deep to the platysma. Depresses the lower eyelid.

    Extraocular Muscles

    • Striated muscles within the orbit associated with the globe of the eye.
    • Move the eye in various directions.
    • Dorsal rectus: Elevates the globe.
    • Ventral rectus: Depresses the globe.
    • Medial rectus: Turns the globe nasally/medially.
    • Lateral rectus: Turns the globe temporally/laterally.
    • Dorsal oblique: Intorts the globe (rotates 12 o'clock position nasally).
    • Ventral oblique: Extorts the globe (rotates 12 o'clock position temporally).
    • Retractor bulbi: Retracts the globe.

    Muscles of the External Ear

    • Extrinsic Ear Muscles:
      • Rostral auricular muscle: Superficial scutuloauricularis, deep scutuloauricularis, frontoscutularis, frontalis, and zygomaticoauricularis.
      • Dorsal auricular muscle: Interscutularis, parietoscutularis, and parietoauricularis.
    • Intrinsic Ear Muscles:

    Assessment Questions

    • The hamstring muscle group includes:
      • Biceps femoris
      • Semitendinosus
      • Semimembranosus
    • The triceps brachii muscle in dogs has three heads.
    • The deltoideus muscle is composed of the scapular part and the acromial part.
    • The common calcanean tendon (Tendon of Achilles) is fused from the gastrocnemius and the superficial digital flexor muscles.
    • The thickened structure at the distal end of the scapular spine is called the acromion.
    • Epaxial muscles include:
      • Longissimus
      • Iliocostalis
      • Transversospinalis
    • The deepest abdominal muscle is the transversus abdominis.
    • The structure that divides the cleidocephalicus and cleidobrachialis is the clavicular tendon.
    • The "smiling muscle" is the zygomaticus muscle.
    • The muscle that fills the subscapular fossa is the subscapularis.

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    Module 4 - The Muscular System PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an in-depth overview of the muscular system, specifically focusing on the skeletal muscles of dogs. It covers muscle structure, types, and their anatomical arrangement during dissections. Learn about muscle attachments and the connective tissues surrounding muscle fibers.

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