80 Questions
Which characteristic of muscle tissue refers to the ability to extend or stretch?
Extensibility
What is the function of skeletal muscles related to the types of movement?
Produce movement
Which connective tissue covering covers each individual muscle fiber?
Endomysium
What is the moveable attachment point of a skeletal muscle while contracting called?
Insertion
What is the fixed attachment point of a skeletal muscle while contracting called?
Origin
What is the ability of a muscle cell to recoil and resume its resting length called?
Elasticity
Why are skeletal muscles well vascularized organs?
To receive oxygen and nutrients
What is the ability of muscle tissue to receive and respond to a stimulus called?
Excitability
What is the ability of muscle tissue to forcibly shorten when adequately stimulated called?
Contractility
What is one of the functions of muscular system related to heat?
Heat production
What is the enzyme present in myosin filaments that causes the reaction: $ATP ightarrow ADP + P + energy$?
Creatine kinase
What is the storage form for glucose in liver and muscle cells?
Glycogen
What is the molecule in muscle cells which stores O2?
Myoglobin
What is the metabolic pathway requiring oxygen to regenerate ATP, producing 32 ATP molecules?
Electron transport chain
What is the term for the fusion of contractions to produce a continuous muscle contraction?
Tetanus
What is the state of physiological inability to contract even though a stimulus is provided?
Muscle fatigue
What is the mechanism of ATP regeneration that involves the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis and the production of lactic acid?
Anaerobic Respiration
What is the term for the adding together of force of contractions due to successive stimuli applied to a muscle forming a stronger contraction?
Wave summation
What is the term for the relaxation period becoming shorter and shorter between muscle twitches when the muscle is stimulated at an increasingly faster rate?
Wave summation
What is the term for the sustained but quivering contraction due to wave summation?
Incomplete tetanus
What is the function of the perimysium in skeletal muscle structure?
Surrounds bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
What is the composition of the myofibrils?
Myosin and actin
Where is calcium stored for muscle cell contraction?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the neuromuscular junction?
Where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
What occurs during muscle relaxation?
Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
What does a motor unit consist of?
A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
What is the function of the epimysium in skeletal muscle structure?
Surrounds an entire skeletal muscle
What are the transverse tubules in muscle cells?
Invagination tubes of the sarcolemma situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the composition of the myofilaments in muscle cells?
Thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
What is the function of the fascia in skeletal muscle structure?
Fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together
Wave summation results in a weaker muscle contraction compared to unfused tetanus.
False
Muscle tone is primarily due to voluntary signals from the nervous system.
False
Anerobic respiration produces 32 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose.
False
The fusion of contractions to produce a continuous muscle contraction is known as complete tetanus.
True
Muscle fatigue can result from an inadequate supply of oxygen, a depletion of glycogen, and inadequate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
True
The extra oxygen the body must take in to recover after vigorous exercise is known as Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC).
True
Glycogen is the storage form for glucose in liver and muscle cells.
True
Tetanus is the result of more calcium being available in the cytoplasm from the previous twitch.
True
Muscles ATP reserves are limited to about 4-6 minutes of activity.
False
Aerobic respiration is a metabolic pathway requiring oxygen to regenerate ATP, producing 32 ATP molecules.
True
Muscle tissue's excitability refers to its ability to forcibly shorten when adequately stimulated
False
Skeletal muscles are not well vascularized organs
False
Each muscle is not supplied by a nerve ending
False
Skeletal muscles can have more than one origin and/or insertion
True
The endomysium covers each individual muscle fiber
True
The moveable attachment point of a skeletal muscle while contracting is called the insertion
True
The stationary/fixed attachment point of a skeletal muscle while contracting is called the insertion
False
Muscle tissue's contractility refers to its ability to extend or stretch
False
Muscle tissue's extensibility refers to its ability to recoil and resume its resting length
False
The ability of a muscle cell to recoil and resume its resting length is called elasticity
True
Perimysium is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
False
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
True
The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell, while the sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing numerous nuclei, mitochondria, glycosomes, and myoglobin
True
Myofibrils consist of three kinds of protein filaments: myosin, actin, and tropomyosin
False
The neuromuscular junction is where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell
False
Events of a skeletal muscle contraction involve nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments
True
Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
True
A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
True
The epimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
False
Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that blends with the perimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together
False
Perimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
True
Epimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle
True
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
True
Myofilament structure includes thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
True
The neuromuscular junction is where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
False
Events of a skeletal muscle contraction involve nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments
True
Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
True
A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
True
Myofibrils, comprising 80% of the cell volume, consist of two kinds of protein filaments: myosin and actin
True
Transverse tubules are invagination tubes of the sarcolemma and are situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
True
Perimysium is the dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle
False
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of rough endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
False
Myofilament structure includes thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
True
Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
True
A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
True
The end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell at the neuromuscular junction
True
The moveable attachment point of a skeletal muscle while contracting is called the insertion
False
Skeletal muscles can have more than one origin and/or insertion
True
Tetanus is the result of more calcium being available in the cytoplasm from the previous twitch
True
Wave summation results in a weaker muscle contraction compared to unfused tetanus
False
Study Notes
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction
- Perimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
- Epimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle
- Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together
- Sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell, while sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing numerous nuclei, mitochondria, glycosomes, and myoglobin
- Myofibrils, comprising 80% of the cell volume, consist of two kinds of protein filaments: myosin and actin
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
- Transverse tubules are invagination tubes of the sarcolemma and are situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Myofilament structure includes thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
- The neuromuscular junction is where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
- Events of a skeletal muscle contraction involve nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments
- Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
- A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction
- Perimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles
- Epimysium is dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle
- Fascia is fibrous connective tissue that blends with the epimysium or holds groups of skeletal muscles together
- Sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell, while sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing numerous nuclei, mitochondria, glycosomes, and myoglobin
- Myofibrils, comprising 80% of the cell volume, consist of two kinds of protein filaments: myosin and actin
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle cell contraction
- Transverse tubules are invagination tubes of the sarcolemma and are situated between two cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Myofilament structure includes thick filaments made of myosin and thin filaments made of actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
- The neuromuscular junction is where the end of a motor neuron communicates with the sarcolemma of a muscle cell
- Events of a skeletal muscle contraction involve nerve impulses, calcium release, and the formation of cross bridges between thick and thin filaments
- Muscle relaxation occurs when the nerve impulse ceases, Ach is broken down, calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the cross bridges are broken
- A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls, with different degrees of coordination and power in different muscle groups
Test your knowledge of skeletal muscle structure and contraction with this quiz. Learn about the components such as perimysium, epimysium, and sarcolemma, as well as the events involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. Understand the role of neuromuscular junction and motor units in muscle function.
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