Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the muscular system?
What is the main function of the muscular system?
Movement and locomotion
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
Which of the following terms describes the attachment point of a muscle that remains relatively stable during contraction ?
Which of the following terms describes the attachment point of a muscle that remains relatively stable during contraction ?
What is the name for the muscle that directly performs a specific motion?
What is the name for the muscle that directly performs a specific motion?
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What are the four different groupings of skeletal muscles based on their embryonic origins?
What are the four different groupings of skeletal muscles based on their embryonic origins?
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Which muscle group is responsible for the movement of the jaw, hyoid arch, and gills in fish?
Which muscle group is responsible for the movement of the jaw, hyoid arch, and gills in fish?
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Which muscle group originates in the somites just posterior to the gills in fish and contributes to the axial muscles in the head?
Which muscle group originates in the somites just posterior to the gills in fish and contributes to the axial muscles in the head?
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Which two major groupings of muscles form from the axial muscles that extend from the somites of the trunk and tail in gnathosomes?
Which two major groupings of muscles form from the axial muscles that extend from the somites of the trunk and tail in gnathosomes?
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Which muscle group connects the pelvic and pectoral limbs in sharks and is responsible for adduction and abduction of these fins?
Which muscle group connects the pelvic and pectoral limbs in sharks and is responsible for adduction and abduction of these fins?
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In the dogfish, what is the name of the muscle that elevates Meckel’s cartilage and closes the mouth?
In the dogfish, what is the name of the muscle that elevates Meckel’s cartilage and closes the mouth?
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In the dogfish, what is the name of the muscle that lies posterior to the lower jaw and elevates the floor of the mouth for swallowing?
In the dogfish, what is the name of the muscle that lies posterior to the lower jaw and elevates the floor of the mouth for swallowing?
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In the dogfish, what is the name of the muscle that pulls the hyomandibula dorsally and posteriorly?
In the dogfish, what is the name of the muscle that pulls the hyomandibula dorsally and posteriorly?
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In the dogfish, which is an example of a hypobranchial muscle and is responsible for depressing Meckel’s cartilage?
In the dogfish, which is an example of a hypobranchial muscle and is responsible for depressing Meckel’s cartilage?
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What are the two main groups of axial muscles?
What are the two main groups of axial muscles?
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What is the name of the sheet of connective tissue found between the epaxial and hypaxial muscles?
What is the name of the sheet of connective tissue found between the epaxial and hypaxial muscles?
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What are the names of the two appendicular muscles associated with the pectoral fin in the dogfish?
What are the names of the two appendicular muscles associated with the pectoral fin in the dogfish?
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In the mink, what is the name of the large muscle that elevates the mandible?
In the mink, what is the name of the large muscle that elevates the mandible?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that depresses the mandible?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that depresses the mandible?
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In the mink, what is the name of the largest muscle in the pectoral girdle?
In the mink, what is the name of the largest muscle in the pectoral girdle?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that is triangular shaped and located posterior to the acromiotrapezius, responsible for rotating the scapula backwards?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that is triangular shaped and located posterior to the acromiotrapezius, responsible for rotating the scapula backwards?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that runs along the ventral surface of the neck and is responsible for rotating the head?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that runs along the ventral surface of the neck and is responsible for rotating the head?
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Which muscle is responsible for depressing the hyoid bone in the mink?
Which muscle is responsible for depressing the hyoid bone in the mink?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk?
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In the mink, which muscle is located superficially on the lateral abdomen and helps compress the abdomen and flex the trunk?
In the mink, which muscle is located superficially on the lateral abdomen and helps compress the abdomen and flex the trunk?
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In the mink, which muscle is located medially on the lateral abdomen, deep to the external oblique, and aids in compressing the abdomen and flexing the trunk?
In the mink, which muscle is located medially on the lateral abdomen, deep to the external oblique, and aids in compressing the abdomen and flexing the trunk?
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In the mink, which muscle is located deepest of the lateral abdomen and also helps compress the abdomen and flex the trunk?
In the mink, which muscle is located deepest of the lateral abdomen and also helps compress the abdomen and flex the trunk?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that runs along the dorsal body just posterior to the forelimb and is responsible for adducting the forelimb at the shoulder?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that runs along the dorsal body just posterior to the forelimb and is responsible for adducting the forelimb at the shoulder?
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In the mink, what are the names of the three muscles found ventral to the clavotrapezius, responsible for flexing the humerus, abducting and flexing the humerus, and protracting the scapula, respectively?
In the mink, what are the names of the three muscles found ventral to the clavotrapezius, responsible for flexing the humerus, abducting and flexing the humerus, and protracting the scapula, respectively?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that extends the forelimb at the elbow?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that extends the forelimb at the elbow?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that flexes the forelimb at the elbow and is located on the lateral side of the forelimb?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that flexes the forelimb at the elbow and is located on the lateral side of the forelimb?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that flexes the forelimb at the elbow and is located medially to the brachialis muscle?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that flexes the forelimb at the elbow and is located medially to the brachialis muscle?
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In the mink, what is the name of the large muscle located on the upper portion of the chest from midline to the forelimb that is responsible for adducting the forelimb?
In the mink, what is the name of the large muscle located on the upper portion of the chest from midline to the forelimb that is responsible for adducting the forelimb?
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In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that is located deep to and posterior to the pectoralis major and is also responsible for adducting the forelimb?
In the mink, what is the name of the muscle that is located deep to and posterior to the pectoralis major and is also responsible for adducting the forelimb?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that elevates the mandible?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that elevates the mandible?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that is located lateral to the eye and dorsal to the mylohyoideus and masseter, and is also responsible for elevating the mandible?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that is located lateral to the eye and dorsal to the mylohyoideus and masseter, and is also responsible for elevating the mandible?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that depresses or lowers the mandible?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that depresses or lowers the mandible?
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In the pigeon, which muscle is responsible for compressing the abdomen and flexing the trunk?
In the pigeon, which muscle is responsible for compressing the abdomen and flexing the trunk?
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In the pigeon, which muscle is responsible for elevating the tail?
In the pigeon, which muscle is responsible for elevating the tail?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that adducts the wing?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that adducts the wing?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that is deep to the pectoralis and is responsible for abducting the wing?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that is deep to the pectoralis and is responsible for abducting the wing?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that flexes the wing and is located on the anterior side of the wing, distal to the shoulder?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that flexes the wing and is located on the anterior side of the wing, distal to the shoulder?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that extends the wing and is located on the posterior side of the wing, distal to the shoulder?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that extends the wing and is located on the posterior side of the wing, distal to the shoulder?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that abducts the wing and is located on the anterior side of the wing, dorsal to the body?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that abducts the wing and is located on the anterior side of the wing, dorsal to the body?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that abducts the wing and is located on the dorsal side of the body?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle that abducts the wing and is located on the dorsal side of the body?
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In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle located posterior to the latissimus dorsi that abducts the wing?
In the pigeon, what is the name of the muscle located posterior to the latissimus dorsi that abducts the wing?
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Study Notes
Lab Objectives
- Students will be able to describe the structure and function of the muscular system
- Students will compare and contrast three different types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
- Students will define terms: origin, insertion, action, agonist, and antagonist
- Students will demonstrate muscle action pairings: adduct-abduct, flex-extend, protract-retract, elevate-depress, rotate
- Students will discuss four groupings of skeletal muscles and their origins: branchiomeric, hypobranchial, axial, and appendicular
- Students will identify muscles in different vertebrate lineages
- Students will discuss the relationship between the muscular system and the environment
Important Features
- Horizontal septum, linea alba
- Adductor mandibulae, intermandibularis, interhyoideus, mylohyoideus, cucullaris, masseter, temporalis, digastric, trapezius, sternomastoid
- Latissimus dorsi, supracoracoideus, pectoralis, humeroantebrachialis, triceps brachii, biceps brachii, pectoral adductor, pectoral abductor
- Coracoarcuals, rectus cervicus, sternohyoid
- Epaxial, hypaxial, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus, rectus abdominus
Additional Information
- Dissections of three animals (dogfish, mink, pigeon) will be performed
- Work in teams
- Equal time and access to all animals will be ensured
- Observe each animal's anatomy and compare it to the others
- Focus on external anatomy and the muscular system
- Dogfish (Squalus acanthias): streamlined shape, fins (dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, caudal), spiracles, ampullae of Lorenzini, lateral line, cloaca
- Pigeon (Columba livia): large eyes, nictitating membrane, auditory meatus, carina, wings (humerus, radius/ulna, metacarpals, phalanges), hind limbs (thigh, femur, foot), anus
- Mink (Neogale vison): fur, whiskers, epidermal scales, tail, external ears (pinna), mouth with lips, anus, urinary/genital openings, mammary glands
Muscular Tissue
- Smooth muscle: responsible for internal body movements, often arranged in layers (circular and longitudinal)
- Cardiac muscle: found only in the heart, branched and interconnected by intercalated discs, involuntary
- Skeletal muscle: responsible for movement, attached to bones via tendons, striated, voluntary, numerous nuclei
Terminology
- Origin: the more stable attachment point of a muscle
- Insertion: the more movable attachment point of a muscle
- Action: the movement generated by a muscle contraction
- Agonist: the muscle primarily responsible for a movement
- Antagonist: the muscle that opposes the agonist's action
Muscle Groupings
- Branchiomeric: muscles associated with branchial arches (gill support, jaw, hyoid), seen in fish
- Hypobranchial: muscles in the floor of the throat region
- Axial: muscles of the trunk and tail (epaxial and hypaxial, including rectus abdominus); segmented in some species
- Appendicular: muscles associated with limbs (pectoral and pelvic fins/limbs); complex in mammals
Dissecting Procedure (general)
- Use appropriate tools (scissors, probes, forceps, teasing needles, scalpel)
- Clear understanding of the procedure to avoid damages
- Careful handling of the samples for preservation and study
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of the muscular system, including different types of muscle tissue like skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Students will explore key terminology and muscle action pairings while also discussing vertebrate musculature and its environmental interactions.
