Chapter 10 - Muscular System: Types and Properties of Muscle Tissue
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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle tissue has the ability to contract and shorten?

  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • All of the above

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle (correct)
  • Both cardiac and smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original shape after being stretched?

  • Elasticity (correct)
  • Contractility
  • Extensibility
  • Excitability

Which skeletal muscle function is responsible for maintaining body posture?

<p>Support and maintenance of posture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structural unit of skeletal muscle?

<p>Muscle fiber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract?

<p>Smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epimysium?

<p>To encase the muscle belly and anchor it to the tendon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a unique structure found in muscle fibers?

<p>Golgi apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myoglobin in muscle fibers?

<p>To replace hemoglobin and increase affinity for oxygen at higher temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue layer separates individual muscles?

<p>Deep fascia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thick filaments (myosin) in skeletal muscle?

<p>To generate the force for muscle contraction by interacting with the thin filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers?

<p>To store and release calcium ions for muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures makes up the contractile unit of a myofibril?

<p>Sarcomere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the regulatory proteins (troponin and tropomyosin) in the thin filaments?

<p>They control the binding sites for myosin on the actin molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the $M$-line in the organization of the thick and thin filaments?

<p>To anchor the myosin tails in the middle of the sarcomere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the $H$-zone in the sarcomere?

<p>It is the area where only the thick filaments are present, with no overlap with the thin filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates?

<p>Each motor neuron innervates a group of muscle fibers, forming a motor unit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the all-or-none response of a motor unit?

<p>It means that all the muscle fibers in a motor unit contract simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for increased muscle strength after eccentric contractions?

<p>Increased myosin binding to actin leads to muscle repair and strength gains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In isometric contractions, what is the relationship between the force of contraction and the force of the load?

<p>The force of contraction is equal to the force of the load (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily responsible for determining the amount of muscle tension produced during exercise?

<p>The rate of motor unit recruitment (coding frequency) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect?

<p>Cardiac muscle fibers are surrounded by all three connective tissue layers (endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of smooth muscle is characterized by individual fibers, each with its own motor neuron terminal?

<p>Multi-unit smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate muscle mass loss between the ages of 30 and 80?

<p>10% between ages 30-50, and an additional 40% by age 80 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the order in which energy sources are used during muscle contraction?

<p>Creatine phosphate, glycogen (stored in muscle), fat, glycogen (recruited from liver) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about slow-twitch (Type I) muscle fibers is NOT true?

<p>They have a high force production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the "wash theory" in relation to muscle fiber types?

<p>It states that fast-twitch (Type IIb) fibers can convert to fast-oxidative (Type IIa) fibers, but not to slow-twitch (Type I) fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy system used by fast-twitch (Type IIb) muscle fibers?

<p>Anaerobic fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the distribution of muscle fiber types is true?

<p>A single motor unit can contain different types of muscle fibers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions?

<p>Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening, while eccentric contractions involve muscle lengthening. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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