Muscular System Function and Structure Quiz

Actin and myosin

Large, striated, many nuclei

Muscle contraction is the most important mechanism animals have to respond to environmental stimuli.

<p>Smooth muscles are spindleshaped, contain centrally-located nucleus, and lack striations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condition where skeletal muscles possess many nuclei due to fusion of individual cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the walls of the digestive tract and blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a. Chemotrophs - derive energy from inorganic chemical reactions; b. Phototrophs - convert light energy to sugar; c. Heterotrophs - obtain energy from the breakdown of organic molecules in food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down food into smaller parts for the body to use for building cells, providing energy, and nourishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates provide metabolic energy, lipids supply more energy than carbohydrates, proteins are essential for growth and repair, vitamins and minerals play various roles, and water is necessary for bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 60% or 100 grams per day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a. Carnivores - eat flesh; b. Herbivores - eat plants; c. Omnivores - eat both plants and flesh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They supply twice as much energy as carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dicots have tap roots with a primary root, while monocots have adventitious roots that develop from the base of the stem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adventitious roots in monocots help the plant anchor itself and absorb water and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary roots are smaller in size compared to the primary root in a tap root system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The root cap protects the root tip and covers the apical meristem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three regions are formation (apical meristem covered by root cap), elongation (cells grow in size without dividing), and maturation/differentiation (cells stop elongating and differentiate).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adventitious roots in monocots are considered fibrous because they are numerous, smaller, and develop from various parts of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lose water and gain salt across mucous membranes of their mouth and gills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freshwater fishes gain water and lose salt to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because their blood is kept almost isoosmotic to their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a body osmotic potential different from the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of digestion mentioned are: extracellular digestion, intracellular digestion, and digestion in the human digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five stages of digestion are: 1) Movement, 2) Secretion, 3) Digestion, 4) Absorption, and 5) Elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of mastication is to chew the food, breaking it down mechanically before swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis refers to the rhythmic action of muscles that force food through the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of the elimination stage is to remove undigested food and waste products from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers