Muscular & Skeletal Systems

• The body systems include the Muscular, Skeletal, Circulatory, Integumentary, Lymphatic, Nervous, and Respiratory systems.

Muscular System

• The muscular system allows movement.
• The muscular system pumps blood through the body.
• The muscular system regulates body temperature.
• Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles are the three types of muscles.
• Skeletal muscles are voluntary and attached to bones.
• Cardiac muscles are involuntary and found in the heart.
• Smooth muscles are involuntary and found in internal organs.
• The steps of a muscle contraction are that a nerve signal reaches the muscle, then a neurotransmitter is released, and myofibrils contract by a sliding filament mechanism.

Skeletal System

• The musculoskeletal system incorporates the muscular and skeletal systems.
• The skeletal system supports the body.
• The skeletal system protects internal organs.
• The skeletal system produces blood cells.
• Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid are the 5 different types of bones.
• A femur is a long bone example.
• Carpals are a short bone example.
• The sternum is a flat bone example.
• Vertebrae are an irregular bone example.
• The patella is a sesamoid bone example.
• Long bones support movement.
• Short bones provide stability.
• Flat bones protect organs.
• Irregular bones protect structures like the spinal cord.
• Sesamoid bones reduce friction in joints.

Circulatory System

• The purpose of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and to remove waste.
• The heart, blood vessels, and blood are the three main components of the circulatory system.
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
• Red blood cells carry oxygen.
• White blood cells fight infection.
• Platelets help with clotting.
• Plasma carries nutrients and waste.

Integumentary System

• The integumentary system protects the body
• The integumentary system regulates temperature.
• The integumentary system produces vitamin D.
• The integumentary system detects sensory information.
• Skin, hair, nails, and glands are the four main parts of the integumentary system.

Lymphatic System

• The lymphatic system is known as the body's sewage system.
• The lymphatic system removes excess fluids.
• The lymphatic system protects from infections.
• The lymphatic system maintains fluid balance.
• Lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow are the three parts of the lymphatic system.

Nervous System

• The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and body.
• The nervous system controls bodily functions.
• The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes sensory and motor nerves.
• The autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
• The sympathetic system prepares for fight or flight.
• The parasympathetic system conserves energy and promotes relaxation.
• In the sympathetic system, the heart rate increases, pupils dilate, and respiration increases.
• In the parasympathetic system, heart rate slows, pupils constrict, and breathing relaxes.

Respiratory System

• The purpose of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
• The nose filters air.
• The mouth acts as an alternative air passage.
• The pharynx is a pathway for air.
• The larynx is the voice box.
• The trachea is the windpipe.
• The bronchi are large airway passages.
• The bronchioles are small airway passages.
• The lungs facilitate oxygen exchange.
• Inhalation involves the diaphragm contracting.
• During inhalation air enters lungs.
• During inhalation Oxygen diffuses into blood.

Overview of the muscular and skeletal system. Includes muscle types, muscle contraction, and the functions of the skeletal system. Covers the role of the skeletal system in support, protection, and blood cell production.