Body Systems Study Guide PDF

Body Systems Study Guide Muscular System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What are 3 functions of the muscular system?​ ○​ Allows movement ○​ Pumps blood through the body ○​ Regulates body temperature 2.​ What are the 3 types of muscles?​ ○​ Skeletal...

Body Systems Study Guide Muscular System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What are 3 functions of the muscular system?​ ○​ Allows movement ○​ Pumps blood through the body ○​ Regulates body temperature 2.​ What are the 3 types of muscles?​ ○​ Skeletal muscle ○​ Cardiac muscle ○​ Smooth muscle 3.​ What are the differences between the 3 types of muscles?​ ○​ Skeletal muscle: Voluntary, attached to bones ○​ Cardiac muscle: Involuntary, found in the heart ○​ Smooth muscle: Involuntary, found in internal organs 4.​ What are the steps of a muscle contraction?​ ○​ Nerve signal reaches muscle ○​ Neurotransmitter is released ○​ Myofibrils contract by sliding filament mechanism Skeletal System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What is the system called that incorporates the muscular & skeletal system?​ ○​ The musculoskeletal system 2.​ What are 3 functions of the skeletal system?​ ○​ Supports the body ○​ Protects internal organs ○​ Produces blood cells  3.​ What are the 5 different types of bones?​ ○​ Long bones ○​ Short bones ○​ Flat bones ○​ Irregular bones ○​ Sesamoid bones 4.​ What are examples of each type of bone?​ ○​ Long: Femur ○​ Short: Carpals ○​ Flat: Sternum ○​ Irregular: Vertebrae ○​ Sesamoid: Patella 5.​ What are the different functions of each type of bone?​ ○​ Long bones: Support movement ○​ Short bones: Provide stability ○​ Flat bones: Protect organs ○​ Irregular bones: Protect structures like the spinal cord ○​ Sesamoid bones: Reduce friction in joints Circulatory System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What is the purpose of the circulatory system?​ ○​ Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and removes waste 2.​ What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system?​ ○​ Heart ○​ Blood vessels ○​ Blood 3.​ What is the difference between an artery and a vein?​ ○​ Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart 4.​ List and explain the 4 components of blood.​ ○​ Red blood cells: Carry oxygen ○​ White blood cells: Fight infection ○​ Platelets: Help with clotting  ○​ Plasma: Carries nutrients and waste Integumentary System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What are 4 functions of the integumentary system?​ ○​ Protects the body ○​ Regulates temperature ○​ Produces vitamin D ○​ Detects sensory information 2.​ List the 4 main parts of the integumentary system.​ ○​ Skin ○​ Hair ○​ Nails ○​ Glands Lymphatic System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What is the lymphatic system known as?​ ○​ The body’s sewage system 2.​ What are 3 functions of the lymphatic system?​ ○​ Removes excess fluids ○​ Protects from infections ○​ Maintains fluid balance 3.​ What are 3 parts of the lymphatic system?​ ○​ Lymph nodes ○​ Spleen ○​ Bone marrow Nervous System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What are 2 functions of the nervous system?​ ○​ Transmits signals between the brain and body ○​ Controls bodily functions 2.​ What is the difference between the CNS & PNS?​ ○​ CNS: Includes the brain and spinal cord ○​ PNS: Includes sensory and motor nerves 3.​ What does the autonomic nervous system consist of?​ ○​ Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems 4.​ Explain the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic.​ ○​ Sympathetic: Prepares for fight or flight ○​ Parasympathetic: Conserves energy and promotes relaxation 5.​ Explain what happens to at least 3 body structures in the sympathetic system and 3 in the parasympathetic system.​ ○​ Sympathetic: Increased heart rate, dilated pupils, increased respiration ○​ Parasympathetic: Slowed heart rate, constricted pupils, relaxed breathing Respiratory System Reflection Questions & Answers: 1.​ What is the purpose of the respiratory system?​ ○​ Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide 2.​ List and describe ALL the parts of the respiratory system.​ ○​ Nose: Filters air ○​ Mouth: Alternative air passage ○​ Pharynx: Pathway for air ○​ Larynx: Voice box ○​ Trachea: Windpipe ○​ Bronchi: Large airway passages ○​ Bronchioles: Small airway passages ○​ Lungs: Oxygen exchange 3.​ Explain the inhalation process.​ ○​ Diaphragm contracts ○​ Air enters lungs ○​ Oxygen diffuses into blood