Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the iliopsoas muscle?
What is the primary action of the iliopsoas muscle?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which muscle group is primarily involved in adducting the thigh?
Which muscle group is primarily involved in adducting the thigh?
What action does the gastrocnemius perform when the knee is extended?
What action does the gastrocnemius perform when the knee is extended?
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Which muscle is specifically noted for its weak knee flexion capability?
Which muscle is specifically noted for its weak knee flexion capability?
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What is the primary function of the biceps brachii?
What is the primary function of the biceps brachii?
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Which muscle is a major forearm flexor located deep to the biceps brachii?
Which muscle is a major forearm flexor located deep to the biceps brachii?
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Which muscle acts as a synergist in forearm flexion when the forearm is semi-pronated?
Which muscle acts as a synergist in forearm flexion when the forearm is semi-pronated?
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What is the function of the triceps brachii muscle?
What is the function of the triceps brachii muscle?
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Which muscle is known for stabilizing the wrist during finger extension?
Which muscle is known for stabilizing the wrist during finger extension?
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What is the primary role of the extensor digitorum?
What is the primary role of the extensor digitorum?
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Which muscle is primarily involved in the pronation of the forearm?
Which muscle is primarily involved in the pronation of the forearm?
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What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?
What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?
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Study Notes
Muscles Crossing the Shoulder & Elbow Joints
- Biceps brachii: Located on the anterior side; flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm; weakly flexes the arm at the shoulder.
- Brachialis: Located deep to the biceps brachii; primary forearm flexor, responsible for lifting the ulna as the biceps lifts the radius.
- Brachioradialis: Superficial muscle from the distal humerus to the distal forearm; assists in forearm flexion, especially with a semi-pronated forearm.
- Triceps brachii: The only muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm; powerfully extends the forearm, and may help stabilize the shoulder joint.
Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand & Fingers
- Pronator teres: Located on the anterior side; pronates the forearm and weakly flexes the elbow.
- Flexor carpi radialis: Located diagonally across the forearm; powerful wrist flexor; abducts the hand.
- Flexor carpi ulnaris: Powerful wrist flexor; also adducts the hand in coordination with the extensor carpi ulnaris; stabilizes the wrist during finger extension.
- Flexor digitorum superficialis: A two-headed muscle; flexes the wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5.
- Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.
- Extensor digitorum: Prime mover of finger extension; extends the wrist and can abduct fingers.
- Supinator: Located deep and therefore not shown; assists the biceps brachii in supinating the forearm.
Muscles of the Hip, Thigh & Leg
- Iliopsoas: Composite of two muscles; primary mover of hip flexion.
- Sartorius: Strap-like and the longest muscle; flexes and laterally rotates the thigh; weak knee flexor.
- Adductors (magnus, longus, brevis): Located on the medial side of the thigh; adduct, flex, and medially rotate the thigh.
- Pectineus: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh.
- Gracilis: Adducts the thigh and medially rotates the leg, important for walking.
- Rectus femoris: Extends the knee and flexes the thigh at the hip.
- Vastus (lateralis, medialis, intermedius): All extend the knee.
- Tibialis anterior: Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts the foot.
- Gluteus maximus: The largest and most superficial buttock muscle; major thigh extensor; commonly used for intramuscular injections.
- Gluteus medius: Abducts and medially rotates the thigh; important for walking; also suitable for intramuscular injections.
- Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexes the foot when the knee is extended; flexes the knee if the foot is dorsiflexed.
- Soleus: Located deeper than the gastrocnemius; plantar flexes the ankle; active during walking, running, and dancing.
- Fibularis (peroneus) longus: Plantar flexes and everts the foot; helps keep the foot flat on the ground.
- Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon: The largest tendon in the body, connecting the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneus.
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Description
Explore the key muscles that cross the shoulder and elbow joints, including their locations and functions. This quiz also covers the muscles of the forearm that facilitate movements of the wrist, hand, and fingers, providing a comprehensive understanding of upper limb anatomy.
