Muscles of the Back Quiz
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Muscles of the Back Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the extension and rotation of the head and neck?

  • Erector Spinae (correct)
  • Intrinsic back muscles
  • Serratus posterior
  • Transversospinalis
  • What is the primary function of the transverse spinal muscles?

  • Stabilization of the spine (correct)
  • Extension of the thoracic spine
  • Lateral flexion of the neck
  • Flexion of the vertebral column
  • Where do the longissimus muscles primarily attach distally?

  • At the median sacral crest
  • At the spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae
  • To the transverse processes of vertebrae (correct)
  • On the ribs, near the angles
  • Which part of the Erector Spinae is responsible for lateral flexion of the vertebral column and is the most lateral?

    <p>Iliocostalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the transversospinalis muscle group?

    <p>Interspinales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the common distal attachment for the iliocostalis?

    <p>Superior borders of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

    <p>Depress the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles connects from the spinous processes of TV11 to LV2?

    <p>Serratus Posterior Inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Iliocostalis muscles?

    <p>Lateral flexion and extension of the vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Transversospinalis Muscle Group?

    <p>Longissimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Longissimus capitis muscle primarily attach?

    <p>Posterior margin of the mastoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common nerve supply for the Spinalis group of muscles?

    <p>Dorsal rami of lower cervical and thoracic spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Iliocostalis thoracis originates from which location?

    <p>Upper borders of the lower costal angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is primarily facilitated by the semispinalis thoracis and cervicis muscles?

    <p>Extension and rotation of the thoracic and cervical vertebral regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these muscles is part of the Erector Spinae group?

    <p>Iliocostalis lumborum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic function of the Longissimus thoracis?

    <p>Extends the vertebral column and aids in side bending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily involved in stabilizing adjoining vertebrae during spinal motion?

    <p>Transversospinalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the longissimus muscle within the erector spinae group?

    <p>Extension of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles forms part of the suboccipital triangle?

    <p>Rectus capitis posterior major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the iliocostalis muscle primarily attach?

    <p>Ribs and cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure lies at the floor of the suboccipital triangle?

    <p>Posterior arch of CV1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a slippage of one vertebral body over another?

    <p>Spondylolisthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reliably identifies spondylolysis on a radiograph?

    <p>Identification of the 'Scottie dog' sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of vertebral compression fractures?

    <p>Severe back pain at fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is considered primary osteoporosis?

    <p>Age-related bone loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for developing secondary osteoporosis?

    <p>Prolonged corticosteroid therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscles of the Back

    • The back muscles can be divided into three layers: superficial extrinsic, intermediate extrinsic and intrinsic
      • Superficial extrinsic back muscles are: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids
      • Intermediate extrinsic back muscles are: serratus posterior superior and inferior
      • Intrinsic back muscles are: muscles of the back proper or deep back muscles

    Deep Muscles of the Back (Intrinsic)

    • Deep back muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves
    • Deep back muscles maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
    • Location from pelvis to skull
    • Deep Back Muscles include:
      • Extensors and rotators of head and neck: splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
      • Short segmental muscles: interspinales and intertransversarii
      • Spinal extensors: erector spinae: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
      • Spinal rotators: transversospinales: semispinalis, rotatores, and multifidi

    Erector Spinae (aka Sacrospinalis)

    • Common distal attachment: Broad, thick tendon attached to:
      • Median sacral crest
      • Spines of TV11, 12 and all LV
      • Supraspinous ligaments
      • Medial, dorsal ilium & lateral aspect of sacral crests

    Erector Spinae (aka Sacrospinalis) - Subdivision

    • Erector Spinae is subdivided into three muscle groups:
      • Iliocostalis group
      • Longissimus group
      • Spinalis group

    Iliocostalis Group (Erector Spinae)

    • Iliocostalis Group has a common distal attachment for iliocostalis lumborum
    • Proximal attachments:
      • Iliocostalis Lumborum: Inferior borders of the lower 6 or 7 costal angles
      • Iliocostalis Thoracis: Upper borders of the lower costal angles; ascends to the superior borders of the upper costal angles & the back of the 7th cervical transverse process
      • Iliocostalis Cervicis: Ascends from the 3rd-6th costal angles to the posterior tubercles of the 4th to 6th cervical transverse process
    • Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami of C, T and upper L nerves
    • Action: Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

    Longissimus Group (Erector Spinae)

    • Longissimus has three muscles within the muscular group
      • Longissimus thoracis: Tips of all thoracic transverse processes & the lower 9 or 10 ribs between their tubercles & angles
      • Longissimus cervicis: From long tendons attached from TV1-TV4 or T5 transverse processes to tendons attached to CV2-CV6 transverse process posterior tubercles
      • Longissimus capitis: From tendons of TV1-TV4 or T5 transverse processes & lower 3 or 4 cervical articular processes to the posterior margin of mastoid process
    • Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami of lower C, T & L spinal nerves
    • Action: Thoracis & cervicis: extend and side bend vertebral column; Capitis: extends the head and rotates the face to the same side

    Spinalis Group (Erector Spinae)

    • Spinalis group has three muscles within the muscular group
      • Spinalis thoracis: From TV11-LV2 spines to TV4 - TV8 spines
      • Spinalis cervicis: Lower ligamentum nuchae, CV7 spine to spine of CV2
      • Spinalis capitis: Blended with semispinalis capitis
    • Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami of lower Cervical & Thoracic spinal nerves
    • Action: Extension of vertebral column

    Transversospinalis Muscle Group

    • Location: Ascends obliquely and medially from transverse processes to adjacent vertebral spines
    • Subdivision:
      • Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis & capitis
      • Multifidi
      • Rotatores: lumborum, thoracis & cervicis
    • Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami C and T spinal nerves
    • Action:
      • Semispinalis thoracis & cervicis: Extend T & C vertebral regions, rotate head contralaterally
      • Capitis: Extend the head, minimal rotation

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the muscles of the back, including their classification into superficial, intermediate, and intrinsic categories. This quiz covers key muscles, their functions, and their anatomical locations. Perfect for anatomy students or anyone interested in human physiology!

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