Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the extension and rotation of the head and neck?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the extension and rotation of the head and neck?
- Erector Spinae (correct)
- Intrinsic back muscles
- Serratus posterior
- Transversospinalis
What is the primary function of the transverse spinal muscles?
What is the primary function of the transverse spinal muscles?
- Stabilization of the spine (correct)
- Extension of the thoracic spine
- Lateral flexion of the neck
- Flexion of the vertebral column
Where do the longissimus muscles primarily attach distally?
Where do the longissimus muscles primarily attach distally?
- At the median sacral crest
- At the spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae
- To the transverse processes of vertebrae (correct)
- On the ribs, near the angles
Which part of the Erector Spinae is responsible for lateral flexion of the vertebral column and is the most lateral?
Which part of the Erector Spinae is responsible for lateral flexion of the vertebral column and is the most lateral?
Which muscle is NOT part of the transversospinalis muscle group?
Which muscle is NOT part of the transversospinalis muscle group?
Which of the following is the common distal attachment for the iliocostalis?
Which of the following is the common distal attachment for the iliocostalis?
What is the primary role of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
What is the primary role of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?
Which of the following muscles connects from the spinous processes of TV11 to LV2?
Which of the following muscles connects from the spinous processes of TV11 to LV2?
What is the primary action of the Iliocostalis muscles?
What is the primary action of the Iliocostalis muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Transversospinalis Muscle Group?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Transversospinalis Muscle Group?
Where does the Longissimus capitis muscle primarily attach?
Where does the Longissimus capitis muscle primarily attach?
What is the common nerve supply for the Spinalis group of muscles?
What is the common nerve supply for the Spinalis group of muscles?
The Iliocostalis thoracis originates from which location?
The Iliocostalis thoracis originates from which location?
Which action is primarily facilitated by the semispinalis thoracis and cervicis muscles?
Which action is primarily facilitated by the semispinalis thoracis and cervicis muscles?
Which of these muscles is part of the Erector Spinae group?
Which of these muscles is part of the Erector Spinae group?
What is a characteristic function of the Longissimus thoracis?
What is a characteristic function of the Longissimus thoracis?
Which muscle group is primarily involved in stabilizing adjoining vertebrae during spinal motion?
Which muscle group is primarily involved in stabilizing adjoining vertebrae during spinal motion?
What is the primary function of the longissimus muscle within the erector spinae group?
What is the primary function of the longissimus muscle within the erector spinae group?
Which of the following muscles forms part of the suboccipital triangle?
Which of the following muscles forms part of the suboccipital triangle?
Where does the iliocostalis muscle primarily attach?
Where does the iliocostalis muscle primarily attach?
What anatomical structure lies at the floor of the suboccipital triangle?
What anatomical structure lies at the floor of the suboccipital triangle?
Which condition is characterized by a slippage of one vertebral body over another?
Which condition is characterized by a slippage of one vertebral body over another?
What reliably identifies spondylolysis on a radiograph?
What reliably identifies spondylolysis on a radiograph?
What is a common symptom of vertebral compression fractures?
What is a common symptom of vertebral compression fractures?
Which of the following conditions is considered primary osteoporosis?
Which of the following conditions is considered primary osteoporosis?
What is a significant risk factor for developing secondary osteoporosis?
What is a significant risk factor for developing secondary osteoporosis?
Flashcards
Superficial Extrinsic Back Muscles
Superficial Extrinsic Back Muscles
Superficial muscles including the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids.
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles
Intermediate muscles including serratus posterior superior and inferior, involved in respiration.
Intrinsic Back Muscles
Intrinsic Back Muscles
Muscles of the back proper, responsible for maintaining posture and controlling vertebral column movements.
Innervation of Deep Back Muscles
Innervation of Deep Back Muscles
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Function of Deep Back Muscles
Function of Deep Back Muscles
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Location of Deep Back Muscles
Location of Deep Back Muscles
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Extensors/Rotators of Head & Neck
Extensors/Rotators of Head & Neck
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Short Segmental Muscles
Short Segmental Muscles
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Spinal Extensors (Erector Spinae)
Spinal Extensors (Erector Spinae)
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Spinal Rotators (Transversospinales)
Spinal Rotators (Transversospinales)
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Erector Spinae Distal Attachment
Erector Spinae Distal Attachment
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Erector Spinae Subdivisions
Erector Spinae Subdivisions
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Iliocostalis Lumborum Origin
Iliocostalis Lumborum Origin
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Iliocostalis Thoracis Origin
Iliocostalis Thoracis Origin
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Iliocostalis Cervicis Origin
Iliocostalis Cervicis Origin
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Iliocostalis Nerve Supply
Iliocostalis Nerve Supply
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Iliocostalis Action
Iliocostalis Action
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Longissimus Thoracis Attachments
Longissimus Thoracis Attachments
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Longissimus Cervicis Attachments
Longissimus Cervicis Attachments
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Longissimus Capitis Attachments
Longissimus Capitis Attachments
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Longissimus Nerve Supply
Longissimus Nerve Supply
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Longissimus Action
Longissimus Action
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Spinalis Thoracis Attachments
Spinalis Thoracis Attachments
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Spinalis Cervicis Attachments
Spinalis Cervicis Attachments
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Spinalis Nerve Supply
Spinalis Nerve Supply
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Spinalis Action
Spinalis Action
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Back
- The back muscles can be divided into three layers: superficial extrinsic, intermediate extrinsic and intrinsic
- Superficial extrinsic back muscles are: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids
- Intermediate extrinsic back muscles are: serratus posterior superior and inferior
- Intrinsic back muscles are: muscles of the back proper or deep back muscles
Deep Muscles of the Back (Intrinsic)
- Deep back muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves
- Deep back muscles maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column
- Location from pelvis to skull
- Deep Back Muscles include:
- Extensors and rotators of head and neck: splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
- Short segmental muscles: interspinales and intertransversarii
- Spinal extensors: erector spinae: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
- Spinal rotators: transversospinales: semispinalis, rotatores, and multifidi
Erector Spinae (aka Sacrospinalis)
- Common distal attachment: Broad, thick tendon attached to:
- Median sacral crest
- Spines of TV11, 12 and all LV
- Supraspinous ligaments
- Medial, dorsal ilium & lateral aspect of sacral crests
Erector Spinae (aka Sacrospinalis) - Subdivision
- Erector Spinae is subdivided into three muscle groups:
- Iliocostalis group
- Longissimus group
- Spinalis group
Iliocostalis Group (Erector Spinae)
- Iliocostalis Group has a common distal attachment for iliocostalis lumborum
- Proximal attachments:
- Iliocostalis Lumborum: Inferior borders of the lower 6 or 7 costal angles
- Iliocostalis Thoracis: Upper borders of the lower costal angles; ascends to the superior borders of the upper costal angles & the back of the 7th cervical transverse process
- Iliocostalis Cervicis: Ascends from the 3rd-6th costal angles to the posterior tubercles of the 4th to 6th cervical transverse process
- Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami of C, T and upper L nerves
- Action: Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Longissimus Group (Erector Spinae)
- Longissimus has three muscles within the muscular group
- Longissimus thoracis: Tips of all thoracic transverse processes & the lower 9 or 10 ribs between their tubercles & angles
- Longissimus cervicis: From long tendons attached from TV1-TV4 or T5 transverse processes to tendons attached to CV2-CV6 transverse process posterior tubercles
- Longissimus capitis: From tendons of TV1-TV4 or T5 transverse processes & lower 3 or 4 cervical articular processes to the posterior margin of mastoid process
- Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami of lower C, T & L spinal nerves
- Action: Thoracis & cervicis: extend and side bend vertebral column; Capitis: extends the head and rotates the face to the same side
Spinalis Group (Erector Spinae)
- Spinalis group has three muscles within the muscular group
- Spinalis thoracis: From TV11-LV2 spines to TV4 - TV8 spines
- Spinalis cervicis: Lower ligamentum nuchae, CV7 spine to spine of CV2
- Spinalis capitis: Blended with semispinalis capitis
- Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami of lower Cervical & Thoracic spinal nerves
- Action: Extension of vertebral column
Transversospinalis Muscle Group
- Location: Ascends obliquely and medially from transverse processes to adjacent vertebral spines
- Subdivision:
- Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis & capitis
- Multifidi
- Rotatores: lumborum, thoracis & cervicis
- Nerve Supply: Dorsal rami C and T spinal nerves
- Action:
- Semispinalis thoracis & cervicis: Extend T & C vertebral regions, rotate head contralaterally
- Capitis: Extend the head, minimal rotation
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