Anatomy of Forearm Muscles Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

  • Pronation of the forearm
  • Extension at the wrist
  • Abduction at the wrist
  • Flexion and adduction at the wrist (correct)

Which muscle is located in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?

  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis (correct)

What is the innervation of the pronator teres?

  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Ulnar nerve
  • Median nerve (correct)
  • Radial nerve

Which muscle is absent in approximately 15% of the population?

<p>Palmaris longus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which part of the humerus do the muscles of the superficial compartment originate?

<p>Medial epicondyle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for wrist flexion?

<p>Flexor carpi radialis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joint action does the pronator teres perform?

<p>Pronation of the forearm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle attaches to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist?

<p>Palmaris longus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers?

<p>Flexor digitorum profundus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus?

<p>Ulnar nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What joints does the flexor digitorum superficialis act upon?

<p>Metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the radius?

<p>Flexor pollicis longus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily associated with the pronator quadratus?

<p>Pronates the forearm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm primarily classified?

<p>Deep and superficial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating all muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

<p>Radial nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the flexor digitorum superficialis split into at the wrist?

<p>Tendons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the anconeus muscle?

<p>Extends and stabilizes the elbow joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and is responsible for wrist adduction?

<p>Anconeus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the supinator muscle insert?

<p>Posterior surface of the radius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does NOT act on the thumb?

<p>Supinator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus muscle?

<p>Abducts the thumb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two structures does the deep branch of the radial nerve pass between in the supinator muscle?

<p>The two heads of origin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature does the tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis contribute to?

<p>Lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts to abduct the ulna during pronation of the forearm?

<p>Anconeus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for flexing at the elbow?

<p>Brachioradialis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles share a common tendinous origin at the lateral epicondyle?

<p>Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Digiti Minimi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Extensor Digitorum Communis?

<p>Extension of the digits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Medial aspect of the posterior forearm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle extends the little finger?

<p>Extensor Digiti Minimi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From where does the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus originate?

<p>Proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis perform at the wrist?

<p>Extension and abduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Extensor Digitorum tendon at the distal part of the forearm?

<p>It splits into four tendons for the four fingers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two body parts.

Extension

Increasing the angle between two body parts.

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Moving a body part towards the midline of the body.

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Pronation

Turning the palm downward.

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Supination

Turning the palm upward.

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Palmaris Longus

This muscle is absent in about 15% of the population. Originates from the medial epicondyle and attaches to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist.

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Pronator Teres

This muscle has two origins: from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna. It attaches to the mid-shaft of the radius.

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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the radius, splits into four tendons at the wrist that pass through the carpal tunnel, and attaches to the bases of the middle phalanges of the four fingers.

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What are the actions of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

This muscle flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints of the four fingers and flexes the wrist.

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Name the three muscles in the deep anterior forearm compartment.

They include Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus, and Pronator Quadratus.

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Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Originates from the ulna and interosseous membrane, splits into four tendons at the wrist that pass through the carpal tunnel, and attaches to the distal phalanges of the four fingers.

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What are the actions of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

This muscle flexes the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers, flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints, and flexes at the wrist.

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Flexor Pollicis Longus

Originates from the anterior surface of the radius and surrounding interosseous membrane, and attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.

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What are the actions of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?

Flexes the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb.

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Pronator Quadratus

Originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and attaches to the anterior surface of the radius.

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Fascia

The layer of connective tissue that separates the superficial and deep muscles of the posterior forearm.

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Common Tendinous Origin

These four muscles: extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digiti minimi, share a common origin point on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

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Brachioradialis

This muscle originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and attaches to the distal end of the radius. It helps flex the elbow and contributes to turning the palm up (supination).

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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis

These muscles, located on the lateral side of the posterior forearm, work together to extend and move the wrist away from the body (abduction).

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Extensor Digitorum Communis

This muscle is the primary extensor of the fingers. It is tested by extending the fingers against resistance while the forearm is turned inward (pronated).

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Extensor Digiti Minimi

This muscle, often fused with the extensor digitorum, is located medially to the extensor digitorum and contributes to extending the little finger and the wrist.

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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Located on the medial side of the posterior forearm, this muscle helps to extend and adduct (move towards the body) the wrist.

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Extensor Digiti Minimi

This muscle is a more specialized extensor, responsible for extending the little finger and contributing to wrist extension.

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What is the Anconeus?

Located medially and proximally in the extensor compartment of the forearm, this muscle blends with the triceps brachii and is responsible for extending and stabilizing the elbow.

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What is the Supinator?

This muscle has two heads, one originating from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the other from the posterior surface of the ulna. It inserts onto the posterior surface of the radius, enabling supination of the forearm.

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What is the Abductor Pollicis Longus?

Located immediately distal to the Supinator muscle, this muscle attaches to the base of metacarpal I and plays a crucial role in thumb abduction.

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What is the Extensor Pollicis Brevis?

Located medially and deep to the Abductor Pollicis Longus, this muscle contributes to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox and extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.

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Where does the Extensor Pollicis Brevis originate and insert?

This muscle originates from the posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

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Describe the origin, insertion, and action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus.

A muscle located in the deep compartment of the posterior forearm, this muscle originates from the interosseous membrane and adjacent surfaces of the radius and ulna, and inserts on the lateral side of the base of metacarpal I, allowing for thumb abduction.

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Describe the location, origin, insertion, and action of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis.

This muscle is situated medially and deep to the Abductor Pollicis Longus. It originates from the posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane and inserts onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, contributing to thumb extension.

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Describe the origin, insertion, and action of the Supinator muscle.

This muscle lies in the floor of the cubital fossa and has two heads of origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior surface of the ulna. It inserts on the posterior surface of the radius, playing a vital role in forearm supination.

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Study Notes

Forearm Muscles and Innervation

  • The muscles of the forearm are organized into anterior and posterior compartments.
  • The anterior compartment muscles are responsible for flexion.
  • The posterior compartment muscles are responsible for extension.

Terms of Movement

  • Flexion: Decreases the angle between two body parts.
  • Extension: Increases the angle between two body parts.
  • Abduction: Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.
  • Adduction: Moving a body part toward the midline of the body.
  • Pronation: Turning the palm downward.
  • Supination: Turning the palm upward.

Muscles of the Anterior Forearm Compartment

  • A- Superficial Compartment:
    • Flexor carpi ulnaris
    • Palmaris longus
    • Flexor carpi radialis
    • Pronator teres
  • B- Intermediate Compartment:
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • C- Deep Compartment:
    • Flexor pollicis longus
    • Flexor digitorum profundus
    • Pronator quadratus

Muscles of the Posterior Forearm Compartment

  • A- Superficial Muscles:
    • Brachioradialis
    • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
    • Extensor digitorum
    • Extensor digiti minimus
    • Extensor carpi ulnaris
    • Anconeus
  • B- Deep Muscles:
    • Supinator
    • Abductor pollicis longus
    • Extensor pollicis brevis
    • Extensor pollicis longus
    • Extensor indicis

Specific Muscle Details: (Examples)

  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Two origins (humeral and ulnar). Involved in wrist flexion and adduction.
  • Palmaris Longus: Often absent in a portion of the population. Involved in wrist flexion.
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus: The only muscle that flexes distal interphalangeal joints. Innervated by both median and ulnar nerves.
  • Pronator Teres: Involved in pronation of the forearm.
  • Brachioradialis: Flexes the elbow joint and contributes to supination.
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.
  • Extensor Digitorum: The primary extensor of the fingers.
  • Extensor Digiti Minimi: Extends the little finger.
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Extends and adducts the wrist.
  • Anconeus: Extends and stabilizes the elbow joint.

Nerve Supply

  • Many of the forearm muscles are innervated by the median nerve.
  • Some are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
  • Others are innervated by the radial nerve,.

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Muscles and Innervation of the Forearm PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the muscles of the forearm with this quiz. Topics include innervation, actions, and anatomical locations of various muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments. Perfect for students of anatomy and health sciences.

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