Muscles of the Anterior Chest Wall Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is the prime mover of arm flexion and also adducts and medially rotates the arm?

  • Pectoralis major
  • Serratus anterior
  • External oblique
  • Pectoralis minor (correct)

What is the origin of the serratus anterior muscle?

  • 3rd-5th ribs
  • Coracoid process of the scapula
  • Vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula
  • Ribs 1-8 (correct)

Which muscle forms an aponeurosis medially, covering the vertical rectus abdominis muscle?

  • Serratus anterior
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Pectoralis major
  • External oblique (correct)

What is the action of the pectoralis minor when the ribs are fixed?

<p>Draw scapula forward and inferiorly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is deep and inferior to the pectoral muscles on the lateral rib cage?

<p>Serratus anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the fascicles of the flat muscles in the abdominal wall run?

<p>In differing directions and crossing each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the aponeuroses of all flat muscles in the abdominal wall form in the midline?

<p>Linea alba (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the largest and most superficial flat muscle in the abdominal wall?

<p>External oblique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the most superficial muscle of the posterior thorax?

<p>Trapezius muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Trapezius muscle originate from?

<p>External occipital protuberance of occipital bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the actions of the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Latissimus dorsi muscle originate from?

<p>T6-T12 spinous processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the Trapezius muscle?

<p>Scapular spine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has a broad origin arising from the iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inferior three ribs?

<p>Latissimus dorsi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing, elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula?

<p>Trapezius muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Erector spinae insert?

<p>L3-L5 spinous processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is characterized by having its fascicles running inferomedially?

<p>External oblique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deepest of the flat muscles in the anterior abdominal wall with fascicles that run transversely?

<p>Transversus abdominis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is split into two by the linea alba and intersected by tendinous intersections?

<p>Rectus abdominis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the flat, tendon-like sheets in which the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles end?

<p>Aponeuroses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the anterior abdominal wall has fascicles running perpendicular to those of the external oblique?

<p>Internal oblique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure lies deep to the transversus abdominis muscle in the anterior abdominal wall?

<p>Transversalis fascia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which location do the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles join together?

<p>Linea alba (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term for the aponeuroses that surround the rectus abdominus muscles superiorly?

<p>'Rectus sheath' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the anterior rectus sheath?

<p>Half aponeurosis of external oblique and half aponeurosis of internal oblique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the demarcation point where the posterior rectus sheath ends?

<p>Arcuate line (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located laterally in the posterior abdominal wall?

<p>Quadratus lumborum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

<p>Quadrilateral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the psoas major muscle located in relation to the lumbar vertebrae?

<p>Anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the posterior rectus sheath?

<p>Half aponeurosis of transversus abdominis and half aponeurosis of internal oblique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is located immediately lateral to the lumbar vertebrae?

<p>Psoas major (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is positioned superficially to the psoas major?

<p>Quadratus lumborum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for pulling the ribs outward and downward to counteract the pull of the diaphragm?

<p>Serratus posterior inferior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle works to extend or hyperextend the head?

<p>Splenius capitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of deep back muscles do the Transversospinales belong to?

<p>Deep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the longissimus muscle lie in relation to the iliocostalis and spinalis muscles?

<p>Between the iliocostalis and spinalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Splenius capitis muscle?

<p>Ligamentum nuchae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of deep back muscles are the Erector Spinae located?

<p>Intermediate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is associated with lateral positioning within the erector spinae group?

<p>Iliocostalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle with its insertion point:

<p>Trapezius muscle = Lateral third of clavicle Latissimus dorsi = Triangle of auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle part with its associated vertebrae:

<p>Superior part of Trapezius = C7 Middle part of Trapezius = T1 Inferior part of Trapezius = T2 Latissimus dorsi (superior border) = L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the action with the appropriate muscle:

<p>Stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula = Trapezius muscle Pulls the ribs outward and downward to counteract diaphragm pull = Latissimus dorsi Prime mover of arm flexion, adducts, and medially rotates arm = Latissimus dorsi Works to extend or hyperextend the head = Trapezius muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle origin with the associated area:

<p>Latissimus dorsi = Iliac crest and inferior three ribs Trapezius muscle = Ligamentum nuchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the correct muscle group in the back: 1. Associated with movements of the shoulder 2. Associated with movements of the thoracic cage 3. Associated with movements of the vertebral column

<p>Superficial back muscles = Associated with movements of the shoulder Intermediate back muscles = Associated with movements of the thoracic cage Deep back muscles = Associated with movements of the vertebral column Intrinsic back muscles = Develop embryologically in the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their correct location: 1. Erector Spinae 2. Trapezius 3. Latissimus dorsi

<p>Superficial back muscles = Originate from the vertebral column and insert on to bones of the shoulder Pectoral muscles = Deep and inferior to on the lateral rib cage Intrinsic back muscles = Lies immediately lateral to the lumbar vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae = Originates from and inserts on bones of the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their main actions: 1. Trapezius 2. Pectoralis minor 3. Erector Spinae

<p>Trapezius = Prime mover of arm flexion, also adducts and medially rotates the arm Pectoralis minor = Stabilizing, elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula Erector Spinae = Works to extend or hyperextend the head Latissimus dorsi = Pulls ribs outward and downward to counteract pull of diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their correct muscle types in the back: 1. Develop embryologically in the back 2. Do NOT develop in the back

<p>Intrinsic muscles = Develop embryologically in the back Extrinsic muscles = Do NOT develop in the back Superficial back muscles = Originate from vertebral column and insert on bones of shoulder Intermediate back muscles = Associated with movements of thoracic cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following deep back muscles with their origins:

<p>Splenius Capitis = Ligamentum nuchae Splenius Cervicis = Spinous processes of T3-T6 Transversospinales = Transverse processes of vertebrae Multifidus = Spinous processes of vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their actions:

<p>Spinotransversales = Extend or hyperextend the head Erector Spinae = Associated with movements of the vertebral column Semispinalis = Stabilizing, elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula Iliocostalis = Located laterally within the erector spinae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following deep back muscles with their insertions:

<p>Splenius Capitis = Mastoid process Splenius Cervicis = Transverse processes C2-C4 Rotatores (Superficial) = Spinous processes of vertebrae Longissimus = Between iliocostalis and spinalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle layers with their components:

<p>Superficial layer = Spinotransversales and Splenius muscles Intermediate layer = Erector spinae and Iliocostalis Deep layer = Transversospinales and Multifidus Splenius group = Capitis and Cervicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their primary action:

<p>Iliocostalis = Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column Longissimus = Extend and rotate the head Spinalis = Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column Semispinalis = Stabilize the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chest muscles with their descriptions:

<p>Pectoralis major = Most superficial muscle in the pectoral region Pectoralis minor = Located on the anterior chest wall and exerts force on the upper limb Serratus anterior = Muscle that pulls ribs outward and downward to counteract diaphragm pull Subclavius = Muscle of the anterior chest wall located deep to pectoral muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle parts with their associated vertebrae:

<p>Splenuis capitis origin = C7-T3 vertebrae Trapezius origin = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 vertebrae Longissimus insertion = Mastoid process, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Trapezius insertion = Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Transversospinales = Group of deep intrinsic muscles located underneath erector spinae Erector Spinae = Muscles responsible for extending and stabilizing the spine Suboccipital triangle = Area where suboccipital muscles are located Posterior rectus sheath = Composition of tendinous intersections intersected by linea alba</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following layers of the rectus sheath with their components:

<p>Anterior rectus sheath = Aponeurosis of EO ½ Aponeurosis of IO Posterior rectus sheath = Aponeurosis of TA ½ Aponeurosis of IO Rectus sheath above arcuate line = Linea alba Aponeurosis of IO Aponeurosis of EO Rectus sheath below arcuate line = RA EO IO TA Aponeurosis of TA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their locations in the abdominal wall:

<p>Quadratus lumborum muscle = Located laterally in the posterior abdominal wall Psoas major muscle = Located near the midline of the posterior abdominal wall, lateral to the lumbar vertebrae Psoas minor muscle = Located anterior to the psoas major Rectus abdominis muscle = In direct contact with transversalis fascia at the demarcation point where the posterior rectus sheath ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their characteristics:

<p>Quadratus lumborum muscle = Thick muscular sheet, quadrilateral in shape Psoas major muscle = Positioned immediately lateral to the lumbar vertebrae Psoas minor muscle = Present only in 60% of the population Rectus abdominis muscle = Directly contacting a thin layer of connective tissue called transversalis fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions with their associated muscles:

<p>Rectus abdominis muscle = Works to extend or hyperextend the head Pectoralis minor muscle = $$5(7 + 3)$$ Trapezius muscle = $$10 - 4$$ Splenius capitis muscle = $$8 imes 2$$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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