59 Questions
Which muscle is the prime mover of arm flexion and also adducts and medially rotates the arm?
Pectoralis minor
What is the origin of the serratus anterior muscle?
Ribs 1-8
Which muscle forms an aponeurosis medially, covering the vertical rectus abdominis muscle?
External oblique
What is the action of the pectoralis minor when the ribs are fixed?
Draw scapula forward and inferiorly
Which muscle is deep and inferior to the pectoral muscles on the lateral rib cage?
Serratus anterior
How do the fascicles of the flat muscles in the abdominal wall run?
In differing directions and crossing each other
What do the aponeuroses of all flat muscles in the abdominal wall form in the midline?
Linea alba
Which muscle is the largest and most superficial flat muscle in the abdominal wall?
External oblique
Which muscle is the most superficial muscle of the posterior thorax?
Trapezius muscle
Where does the Trapezius muscle originate from?
External occipital protuberance of occipital bone
What are the actions of the Trapezius muscle?
Stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula
Where does the Latissimus dorsi muscle originate from?
T6-T12 spinous processes
What is the insertion point of the Trapezius muscle?
Scapular spine
Which muscle has a broad origin arising from the iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inferior three ribs?
Latissimus dorsi
Which muscle is responsible for stabilizing, elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula?
Trapezius muscle
Where does the Erector spinae insert?
L3-L5 spinous processes
Which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is characterized by having its fascicles running inferomedially?
External oblique
What is the deepest of the flat muscles in the anterior abdominal wall with fascicles that run transversely?
Transversus abdominis
Which muscle is split into two by the linea alba and intersected by tendinous intersections?
Rectus abdominis
What is the term used for the flat, tendon-like sheets in which the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles end?
Aponeuroses
Which muscle in the anterior abdominal wall has fascicles running perpendicular to those of the external oblique?
Internal oblique
What structure lies deep to the transversus abdominis muscle in the anterior abdominal wall?
Transversalis fascia
At which location do the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles join together?
Linea alba
What is the collective term for the aponeuroses that surround the rectus abdominus muscles superiorly?
'Rectus sheath'
What makes up the anterior rectus sheath?
Half aponeurosis of external oblique and half aponeurosis of internal oblique
What is the demarcation point where the posterior rectus sheath ends?
Arcuate line
Which muscle is located laterally in the posterior abdominal wall?
Quadratus lumborum
What is the shape of the quadratus lumborum muscle?
Quadrilateral
Where is the psoas major muscle located in relation to the lumbar vertebrae?
Anterior
What is the composition of the posterior rectus sheath?
Half aponeurosis of transversus abdominis and half aponeurosis of internal oblique
What is located immediately lateral to the lumbar vertebrae?
Psoas major
Which muscle is positioned superficially to the psoas major?
Quadratus lumborum
Which muscle is responsible for pulling the ribs outward and downward to counteract the pull of the diaphragm?
Serratus posterior inferior
Which muscle works to extend or hyperextend the head?
Splenius capitis
Which layer of deep back muscles do the Transversospinales belong to?
Deep
Where does the longissimus muscle lie in relation to the iliocostalis and spinalis muscles?
Between the iliocostalis and spinalis
What is the origin of the Splenius capitis muscle?
Ligamentum nuchae
In which layer of deep back muscles are the Erector Spinae located?
Intermediate
Which muscle is associated with lateral positioning within the erector spinae group?
Iliocostalis
Match the muscle with its insertion point:
Trapezius muscle = Lateral third of clavicle Latissimus dorsi = Triangle of auscultation
Match the muscle part with its associated vertebrae:
Superior part of Trapezius = C7 Middle part of Trapezius = T1 Inferior part of Trapezius = T2 Latissimus dorsi (superior border) = L3
Match the action with the appropriate muscle:
Stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula = Trapezius muscle Pulls the ribs outward and downward to counteract diaphragm pull = Latissimus dorsi Prime mover of arm flexion, adducts, and medially rotates arm = Latissimus dorsi Works to extend or hyperextend the head = Trapezius muscle
Match the muscle origin with the associated area:
Latissimus dorsi = Iliac crest and inferior three ribs Trapezius muscle = Ligamentum nuchae
Match the following descriptions with the correct muscle group in the back: 1. Associated with movements of the shoulder 2. Associated with movements of the thoracic cage 3. Associated with movements of the vertebral column
Superficial back muscles = Associated with movements of the shoulder Intermediate back muscles = Associated with movements of the thoracic cage Deep back muscles = Associated with movements of the vertebral column Intrinsic back muscles = Develop embryologically in the back
Match the following muscles with their correct location: 1. Erector Spinae 2. Trapezius 3. Latissimus dorsi
Superficial back muscles = Originate from the vertebral column and insert on to bones of the shoulder Pectoral muscles = Deep and inferior to on the lateral rib cage Intrinsic back muscles = Lies immediately lateral to the lumbar vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae = Originates from and inserts on bones of the upper limb
Match the following muscles with their main actions: 1. Trapezius 2. Pectoralis minor 3. Erector Spinae
Trapezius = Prime mover of arm flexion, also adducts and medially rotates the arm Pectoralis minor = Stabilizing, elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula Erector Spinae = Works to extend or hyperextend the head Latissimus dorsi = Pulls ribs outward and downward to counteract pull of diaphragm
Match the following descriptions with their correct muscle types in the back: 1. Develop embryologically in the back 2. Do NOT develop in the back
Intrinsic muscles = Develop embryologically in the back Extrinsic muscles = Do NOT develop in the back Superficial back muscles = Originate from vertebral column and insert on bones of shoulder Intermediate back muscles = Associated with movements of thoracic cage
Match the following deep back muscles with their origins:
Splenius Capitis = Ligamentum nuchae Splenius Cervicis = Spinous processes of T3-T6 Transversospinales = Transverse processes of vertebrae Multifidus = Spinous processes of vertebrae
Match the following muscles with their actions:
Spinotransversales = Extend or hyperextend the head Erector Spinae = Associated with movements of the vertebral column Semispinalis = Stabilizing, elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula Iliocostalis = Located laterally within the erector spinae
Match the following deep back muscles with their insertions:
Splenius Capitis = Mastoid process Splenius Cervicis = Transverse processes C2-C4 Rotatores (Superficial) = Spinous processes of vertebrae Longissimus = Between iliocostalis and spinalis
Match the following muscle layers with their components:
Superficial layer = Spinotransversales and Splenius muscles Intermediate layer = Erector spinae and Iliocostalis Deep layer = Transversospinales and Multifidus Splenius group = Capitis and Cervicis
Match the following muscles with their primary action:
Iliocostalis = Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column Longissimus = Extend and rotate the head Spinalis = Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column Semispinalis = Stabilize the spine
Match the following chest muscles with their descriptions:
Pectoralis major = Most superficial muscle in the pectoral region Pectoralis minor = Located on the anterior chest wall and exerts force on the upper limb Serratus anterior = Muscle that pulls ribs outward and downward to counteract diaphragm pull Subclavius = Muscle of the anterior chest wall located deep to pectoral muscles
Match the following muscle parts with their associated vertebrae:
Splenuis capitis origin = C7-T3 vertebrae Trapezius origin = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 vertebrae Longissimus insertion = Mastoid process, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Trapezius insertion = Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Transversospinales = Group of deep intrinsic muscles located underneath erector spinae Erector Spinae = Muscles responsible for extending and stabilizing the spine Suboccipital triangle = Area where suboccipital muscles are located Posterior rectus sheath = Composition of tendinous intersections intersected by linea alba
Match the following layers of the rectus sheath with their components:
Anterior rectus sheath = Aponeurosis of EO ½ Aponeurosis of IO Posterior rectus sheath = Aponeurosis of TA ½ Aponeurosis of IO Rectus sheath above arcuate line = Linea alba Aponeurosis of IO Aponeurosis of EO Rectus sheath below arcuate line = RA EO IO TA Aponeurosis of TA
Match the following muscles with their locations in the abdominal wall:
Quadratus lumborum muscle = Located laterally in the posterior abdominal wall Psoas major muscle = Located near the midline of the posterior abdominal wall, lateral to the lumbar vertebrae Psoas minor muscle = Located anterior to the psoas major Rectus abdominis muscle = In direct contact with transversalis fascia at the demarcation point where the posterior rectus sheath ends
Match the following muscles with their characteristics:
Quadratus lumborum muscle = Thick muscular sheet, quadrilateral in shape Psoas major muscle = Positioned immediately lateral to the lumbar vertebrae Psoas minor muscle = Present only in 60% of the population Rectus abdominis muscle = Directly contacting a thin layer of connective tissue called transversalis fascia
Match the following actions with their associated muscles:
Rectus abdominis muscle = Works to extend or hyperextend the head Pectoralis minor muscle = $$5(7 + 3)$$ Trapezius muscle = $$10 - 4$$ Splenius capitis muscle = $$8 imes 2$$
Test your knowledge on the muscles of the anterior chest wall, including the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior. Learn about their origins, insertions, and actions in arm movement and scapular stabilization.
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