Muscles of Mastication Quiz (ODS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?

Move the jaw forward

Elevate the mandible (correct)

Rotate the head

Open the mouth

From which part of the zygomatic arch does the deep masseter arise?

Posterior third (correct)

Whole upper surface

Anterior third

Lower border

What is the nerve supply for the masseter muscle?

Facial nerve

Mandibular nerve branches

Trigeminal nerve

Masseteric nerve (correct)

Where does the superficial masseter insert?

Outer surface of the ramus of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT associated with the blood supply of the masseter?

Lingual artery Signup and view all the answers

Where do the fibers of the temporalis insert?

Coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the action of the anterior fibers of the temporalis?

They elevate the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the shape and location of the temporalis muscle?

Flat and located on the side of the head Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in the blood supply to the temporalis muscle?

Maxillary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the common origin point for the superficial part of the masseter muscle?

Lower border of the zygomatic arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the lateral pterygoid muscle when both heads contract bilaterally?

Protrudes the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Mandibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Digastric fossa on the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily aids in keeping food between the teeth during mastication?

Buccinator Signup and view all the answers

How does the genioglossus muscle contribute to tongue movement?

Protrudes the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply blood to the buccinator muscle?

Facial and maxillary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Elevates the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What joint movement is primarily facilitated by the contraction of pterygoid muscles on one side?

Lateral movement towards the opposite side Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries branch supply the pterygoid muscles?

Deep temporal branches of the maxillary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point for the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Pterygoid fovea on the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Masseter Muscle

Parts: Superficial and Deep
Superficial Origin: Anterior two-thirds of the lower zygomatic arch border
Superficial Insertion: Outer surface of the mandible ramus
Deep Origin: Posterior third and medial surface of the zygomatic arch
Deep Insertion: Mandible ramus above the angle
Action: Closes the mouth, elevates the mandible
Nerve Supply: Masseteric nerve (mandibular nerve)
Blood Supply: Facial branch of superficial temporal artery, masseteric branch of the maxillary artery

Temporalis Muscle

Shape: Fan-shaped, on each side of the head
Origin: Entire temporal fossa, bounded above by the inferior temporal line
Insertion: Coronoid process (top and medial surface), anterior mandible ramus
Action (Anterior Fibers): Vertical contraction, elevates the mandible
Action (Posterior Fibers): Oblique/horizontal contraction, elevates the mandible, retracts the condyle into the glenoid fossa
Nerve Supply: Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves
Blood Supply: Middle temporal branch of superficial temporal artery, deep temporal branches of maxillary artery

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle

Heads: Upper and Lower heads
Upper Head Origin: Infratemporal surface & crest of the greater sphenoid wing
Lower Head Origin: Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)
Insertion: Pterygoid fovea on the anterior mandible neck
Action (Bilateral): Opens/protrudes mouth
Action (Alternating): Grinding/side-to-side movement
Nerve Supply: Lateral pterygoid nerve (cranial nerve)
Blood Supply: Pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery

Medial Pterygoid Muscle

Heads: Large (deep) and Small (superficial)
Deep Head Origin: Medial lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)
Superficial Head Origin: Maxilla tuberosity, palatine bone
Insertion: Medial surface of the mandible ramus and angle
Action: Elevates the mandible, protrudes the mandible (with lateral pterygoid)
Nerve Supply: Medial pterygoid branch of mandibular nerve
Blood Supply: Pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery

Digastric Muscle

Bellies: Anterior and Posterior
Anterior Belly Origin: Digastric fossa on mandible lower border
Posterior Belly Origin: Digastric notch on mastoid process (temporal bone)
Insertion: Intermediate tendon above hyoid bone, fibrous sling anchors to hyoid body
Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid during chewing/swallowing
Nerve Supply (Anterior): Mylohyoid nerve
Nerve Supply (Posterior): Digastric branch of facial nerve (VII)
Blood Supply (Anterior): Submental branch of facial artery
Blood Supply (Posterior): Posterior auricular/occipital artery

Buccinator Muscle

Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe, buccal alveolar bone (molar regions)
Insertion: Blends with Orbicularis Oris at mouth corners
Action: Pulls mouth corners back, compresses cheeks against molar surfaces. Regulates vestibular region, keeps food between teeth during mastication
Nerve Supply: Facial nerve (buccal branch)
Blood Supply: Facial & maxillary arteries

Geniohyoid Muscle

Shape: Narrow, above mylohyoid line
Origin: Inferior genial tubercle
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone
Action: Aids deglutition, opens mouth by depressing mandible
Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve
Blood Supply: Sublingual branch of lingual artery

Genioglossus Muscle

Origin: Superior genial tubercle (mandible inner surface)
Insertion: Tongue dorsum, forms large fan-shaped muscle (superior fibers to tip, inferior to hyoid)
Action: Depresses tongue(inferior fibers), retracts tongue (inferior fibers), protrudes tongue (superior fibers)
Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve
Blood Supply: Sublingual branch of lingual artery / submental branch of facial artery

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Description

Explore the intricate details of the masseter and temporalis muscles, including their origins, insertions, actions, and nerves. This quiz provides insights into their anatomical significance in facial movement and mastication.