Muscles de la hanche et leur fonction

Questions and Answers

What is an anterior drawer movement at the knee?

Rotation of the femur over the tibia

Movement of the proximal tibia backward under the femoral condyles

Lateral displacement of the tibia

Movement of the proximal tibia forward under the femoral condyles (correct)

Which ligament limits posterior drawer movement at the knee?

Posterior cruciate ligament (correct)

Anterior cruciate ligament

Medial collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

What degree of knee extension is typically achievable?

45°

90°

10°

5° to 10° (correct)

What is defined as a pathological hyperextension of the knee?

Genu recurvatum Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate degree of flexion in the knee when the hip is flexed?

140° Signup and view all the answers

What restricts the effectiveness of the hamstrings during knee flexion?

Hip in an extended position Signup and view all the answers

How does relative extension differ from absolute extension in the knee?

Relative extension starts from a position of flexion Signup and view all the answers

What movement occurs when the back of the leg approaches the back of the thigh?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

What happens during dorsiflexion of the foot?

The distal part of the foot approaches the tibia. Signup and view all the answers

Which factors limit dorsiflexion?

Muscular, osseous, and capsulo-ligamentous factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary movement during plantarflexion?

The distal part of the foot moves away from the tibia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of extension (plantarflexion) of the foot?

30° to 50°. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the trochlea of the talus?

It has a larger surface area posteriorly. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the ankle joint reaches maximum dorsiflexion?

The metatarsals begin to plantarflex. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'plantarflexion' refer to?

Lowering the toe towards the ground. Signup and view all the answers

During extreme extension of the foot, what effect does tarsal mobilization have?

It increases the curvature of the foot's arch. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are classified as external rotators?

Obturator externus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the anterior fibers of the gluteus medius during medial rotation?

Assist in medial rotation Signup and view all the answers

What effect does external rotation have on the ischio-femoral ligament?

It becomes relaxed Signup and view all the answers

During medial rotation, which of the following ligaments becomes tense?

Pubo-femoral ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect when performing a total medial rotation?

Pectineus becomes an internal rotator Signup and view all the answers

How are actions of muscles affected by the position of the joint?

Inversion of muscle actions occurs Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the horizontal bundles during external rotation?

They become relaxed Signup and view all the answers

What range of motion does medial rotation typically achieve?

$30$ to $40$ degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus maximus?

Hip extension Signup and view all the answers

How does the position of the knee affect the hamstrings' function on the hip?

Locked knee promotes hip extension Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the pelvis undergoes retroversion?

The center of gravity moves backward Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscles located above the anteroposterior axis of the hip?

Abduction and extension Signup and view all the answers

What role do the hamstrings play when the pelvis is in anterior pelvic tilt?

They work to stabilize the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the ligaments during hip extension?

They wrap around the neck of the femur Signup and view all the answers

What movement does adduction perform in relation to the body's symmetrical plane?

Brings the limb towards the body's symmetrical plane Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered an accessory extensor of the hip?

Adductor magnus Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion defined as?

Abduction realized through pronation with slight dorsal flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the subtalar joint (STJ) in its close packed position?

The foot is in a supinated position during stability Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the anterior end of the calcaneus during foot pronation?

It orients outwards Signup and view all the answers

Which facet of the talus corresponds to the median facet of the calcaneus?

Middle facet Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the loss of contact in the surfaces of the subtalar joint?

Incongruence resulting in extended loss of contact Signup and view all the answers

During supination, what is the main benefit achieved?

Increased locking of the foot for stability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is associated with supination?

Adduction with inversion and slight plantar flexion Signup and view all the answers

What function does the neutral position of the foot serve regarding weight transmission?

Maximizes surface contact area to transmit body weight Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Groups for Hip Motion

Two muscle groups involved: gluteal muscles and hamstrings.
The gluteus maximus is the strongest and thickest in the hip region, aided by posterior fibers of the gluteus medius and minimus.
Hamstrings' effectiveness in hip movement is dependent on knee position; knee locking enhances hip extension, acting against the quadriceps.
The adductor magnus also functions as a hip extensor.

Hip Extensors and Their Actions

Extensors vary in function based on their position relative to the anteroposterior axis.
Above the axis: combined abduction and extension by posterior fibers of gluteal muscles.
Below the axis: extension and adduction primarily by gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and posterior adductors.
Hip extensors stabilize the pelvis in the anteroposterior direction.

Pelvic Tilt and Center of Gravity

Retroversion of the pelvis moves the center of gravity (CG) behind the hip line, stabilized by the iliofemoral ligament.
CG position over the hip center indicates unstable equilibrium; anterior pelvic tilt moves the CG forward, requiring contraction of hamstrings to realign the pelvis.
Retroversion: ligament tension; Anterior version: muscle tension from the hamstrings.

Ligamentary Considerations in Hip Extension

Extension wraps ligaments around the femoral neck, creating tension when the femur is stationary.
Close-packed position reinforces stability through ligament tension.

Adduction Mechanics

Adduction brings the lower limb inward towards the body's midline.
Engaged muscles include pelvi-trochanteric groups and various adductors.
Adduction causes tension in the horizontal ligament fibers, especially in iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments, while ischiofemoral is relaxed.

Internal Rotation (IR)

Internal rotation shifts the foot outward with a range of 30 to 40 degrees, involving specific muscle groups like the anterior gluteal, sartorius, and tensor fascia latae (TFL).
In moderate internal rotation, obturator externus and pectineus lose their external rotation capacity.
Internal rotation leads to tension variations in ligaments around the hip joint.

Muscle Action Inversion

Muscles have primary or secondary actions that change depending on joint position.
Movements at the knee involve anterior and posterior drawer actions, limited by anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments.

Physiological Movement Amplitudes

Extension pulls the back of the leg away from the thigh by 5 to 10 degrees; no true absolute extension exists in anatomical position.
Active extension depends on hip positioning; the rectus femoris is more effective during extension.

Knee Flexion Dynamics

Knee flexion brings the leg closer to the thigh, dependent on hip position (flexed or extended).
Absolute and relative flexion definitions varying based on the reference position.

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

Dorsiflexion reduces the angle between foot and shin; ranges from 70° to 80° of total flexion-extension.
Factors limiting dorsiflexion include bony structures and capsular tension.
Plantarflexion is the opposite movement, creating an angle between the foot and the leg.

Stability in the Subtalar Joint

Articulation congruence in the subtalar joint is critical, with the neutral foot position providing stability against gravity.
The alignment of the talus and calcaneus facilitates dynamic and static balance in standing positions.

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Description

Découvrez les différents groupes musculaires associés à la hanche, y compris le grand fessier et les ischio-jambiers. Ce quiz explore leur efficacité et rôle dans l'extension de la hanche, ainsi que l'impact de la position du genou. Testez vos connaissances sur l'anatomie musculaire et leur fonctionnement.