Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of muscle is responsible for the movement of food through the digestive tract?
Which type of muscle is responsible for the movement of food through the digestive tract?
Which of the following muscle types is characterized by the presence of cross-striations and is innervated by somatic nerves?
Which of the following muscle types is characterized by the presence of cross-striations and is innervated by somatic nerves?
What is the approximate length of a typical cardiac muscle fiber in micrometers?
What is the approximate length of a typical cardiac muscle fiber in micrometers?
Which muscle type is NOT directly controlled by the will?
Which muscle type is NOT directly controlled by the will?
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Which muscle type is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?
Which muscle type is responsible for the pumping action of the heart?
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What is essential when constructing a stem for a multiple choice question?
What is essential when constructing a stem for a multiple choice question?
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Which of the following statements about distractors is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about distractors is incorrect?
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How should options in a multiple choice question be structured?
How should options in a multiple choice question be structured?
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What is a key factor in ensuring the correct answer is valid?
What is a key factor in ensuring the correct answer is valid?
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What is the guideline related to using negatively stated stems?
What is the guideline related to using negatively stated stems?
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Study Notes
Muscle Classification
- Human bodies have over 600 muscles that perform many functions in daily life
- Muscles can be classified in three ways:
- By striations
- By control
- By situation
Depending upon Striations
- Striated muscles have cross striations
- Skeletal muscle (forms about 40% of total body mass)
- Cardiac muscle (found in heart)
- Non-striated muscles lack striations
- Smooth muscle (found in visceral organs)
Depending upon Control
- Voluntary muscles are consciously controlled
- Skeletal muscles
- Involuntary muscles are not consciously controlled
- Cardiac and smooth muscles
Depending upon situation
- Skeletal muscles (work together with bones)
- Cardiac muscles (found in the heart)
- Smooth muscles (found in the visceral orgains)
Table of Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle Features
| Feature | Skeletal Muscle | Cardiac Muscle | Smooth Muscle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Location | In association with bones | In the heart | In the visceral organs |
| Shape | Cylindrical and unbranched | Branched | Spindle-shaped, unbranched |
| Length | 1 cm to 4 cm | 80 µ to 100 µ | 50 µ to 200 µ |
| Diameter | 10 µ to 100 µ | 15 µ to 20 µ | 2 µ to 5 µ |
| Nucleus | More than one | One | One |
| Cross-striations | Present | Present | Absent |
| Myofibrils | Present | Present | Absent |
| Sarcomere | Present | Present | Absent |
| Troponin | Present | Present | Absent |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Well developed | Well developed | Poorly developed |
| T-tubules | Long and thin | Short and broad | Short and broad |
| Depolarization | Upon stimulation | Spontaneous | Spontaneous |
| Fatigue | Possible | Not possible | Not possible |
| Tetanus | Possible | Not possible | Not possible |
| Resting membrane potential | Stable | Stable | Unstable |
| For trigger of contraction | Calcium binds with troponin | Troponin | Calmodulin |
| Source of calcium | Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Extracellular |
| Speed of contraction | Fast | Intermediate | Slow |
| Neuromuscular junction | Well defined | Intermediate | Not well defined |
| Control | Voluntary action (somatic nerves) | Involuntary action (autonomic nerves) | Involuntary action (autonomic nerves) |
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to muscle types, including smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles. It also addresses best practices in creating multiple choice questions, ensuring clear stems and effective distractors. Test your understanding of anatomy and quiz formulation strategies.
