63 Questions
Which type of muscle is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle is found in only one place in the body and is involuntary?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle is visceral and involuntary?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle is responsible for the contraction of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle is responsible for movement in the body?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels?
Smooth muscle
Select the correct statement regarding nerve supply to muscles
It is not necessary to initiate contractions but serves to modify them
Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary movements?
Smooth muscle
Muscle activity generates heat, T OR F
T
What is made up of individual smooth muscle cells or small groups of cells and is used for small delicate movements
Multiunit smooth muscle
Which term refers to muscle cells?
sarco
What is the contracting unit of skeletal muscle called?
Sarcomere
What is the site where motor nerve fibers connect with muscle fibers called?
Neuromuscular junction
What determines the size of the resulting movement in a muscle unit?
Number of muscle fibers per nerve fiber
What is the role of a fixator in muscle actions?
Stabilizes joints
What is the term for a single muscle fiber contraction?
Twitch Contraction
What is the role of an antagonist muscle in muscle actions?
Directly opposes action of prime mover
What is the term for the time between the nerve stimulus and the beginning of contraction?
Latent Phase
What is the role of a synergist muscle in muscle actions?
Contracts at the same time as prime mover
Panting or sweating is NOT a mechanism to eliminate excess heat, T OR F
F
Which type of muscle is striated and contracts without external stimulation?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle is responsible for fine movements and requires specific impulses from the autonomic nerves to contract?
Visceral muscle
Shivering is a type of spasmodic muscle contraction that increases heat production T OR F
T
Which type of muscle has long, branched fibers that form networks of cells with firm end-to-end attachments between them?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle has actin and myosin filaments that slide over each other, causing shortening of the sarcomeres?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle is involuntary and has only one central nucleus per cell?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle has sliding of filaments over each other that causes shortening of the sarcomeres?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle contracts in a rapid, wavelike fashion and allows blood to be effectively squeezed out of the chambers?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle contracts without external stimulation and adopts the contraction rate of the most rapid cell in the group?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle has small, spindle-shaped cells with a single central nucleus?
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle is under _________ and must receive nerve impulses to contract and produce the desired action
Conscious voluntary control
[initiation of muscle conraction] Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the ___________->impulse travels through the ______ to the interior of the cell->to the ___________
Sarcolemmal surface, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum
[Initiation of muscle contraction] Acetylcholine binds to receptors on sarcolemmal surface->impulse travels through the transverse tubules to the interior of the cell->to the sarcoplasmic reticulum which causes release of stored ________ into the sarcoplasm and diffuse into __________ to shorten (contraction) - powered by ATP
Calcium ions (Ca++)
[Muscle relaxation] _________ pumps calcium ions back in, pulling it out of the ______ and muscle fibers return to their original length
Sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils
Energy is needed to pump calcium back into the SR
True
Individual muscle fibers contract completely when stimulated by their nerves, this is called ___________
The all-or-nothing principle
Nerve impulses are timed so that twitches of individual muscle fibers can occur at __________, resulting in smooth, sustained muscle contractions
Slightly different times
Entire muscle contractions last ______-
~0.1 sec
Smooth muscle is
All of the above
Visceral smooth muscle
Large sheets of cells in the walls of hollow organs
Multiunit muscle
Small, discrete groups of cells
what type of smooth muscle makes up the iris and ciliary body, blood vessels and bronchioles
Multiunit
In walls of many soft internal organs
Visceral smooth muscle
Contracts without external stimulation
Visceral smooth muscle
No fine movements possible, contracts in large, rhythmic waves
Visceral smooth muscle
It reacts to stretching by contracting more strongly (except in the uterus)
Visceral smooth muscle
[chemistry of contraction] When need for oxygen exceeds supply, muscle fibers shift to ____ to produce energy->______ builds up as a byproduct of incomplete glucose breakdown
Anaerobic metabolism, lactic acid
During muscle contraction, what builds up as a byproduct of incomplete glucose breakdown
Lactic acid
The number of muscle fibers per nerve determines the size of the resulting movement
True
The number of muscle fibers per nerve does not determine the size of the resulting movement
False
Delicate muscles have fewer muscle fibers per motor unit than large muscles, making larger movements
True
Delicate muscles have fewer muscle fibers per motor unit than large muscles, making smaller movements
False
Delicate muscles have more muscle fibers per motor unit than large muscles, making larger movements
False
A motor unit is
A nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates
When relaxed, the actin and myosin filaments in a muscle fiber overlap a little
True
When relaxed, the actin and myosin filaments in a muscle fiber do not overlap at all
False
When stimulated to contract by a nerve impulse, cross bridges on the myosin filaments move back and forth pulling the actin filaments on both sides toward the center myosin filament
True
When stimulated to contract by a nerve impulse, cross bridges on the myosin filaments move back and forth pulling the actin filaments on both sides away from the center myosin filament
False
When stimulated to contract by a nerve impulse, cross bridges on the myosin filaments move side to side pulling the actin filaments on both sides toward the center myosin filament
False
[during contraction] Sliding filaments over each other causes shortening of the sarcomeres
True
[during contraction] Sliding filaments over each other causes lengthening of the sarcomeres
False
Combines shortening of the end to end sarcomeres in a muscle fiber = contraction
True
Combines shortening of the end to end sarcomeres in a muscle fiber = stricture
False
Test your knowledge on muscle types, anatomy, and contraction processes with this quiz. Learn about the three types of muscles, their locations in the body, and their microscopic anatomy. Understand the role of the nervous system in muscle contraction and the phases involved in this process. Get insights into how cardiac and smooth muscles contract as well.
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