Muscle Types and Contraction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle is voluntary and striated?

  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Which type of muscle is found in only one place in the body and is involuntary?

  • Cardiac muscle (correct)
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • None of the above

    • Which type of muscle is visceral and involuntary?

  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle (correct)
  • Skeletal muscle
  • None of the above

    • Which type of muscle is responsible for the contraction of the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is responsible for movement in the body?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is found in the walls of organs and blood vessels?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement regarding nerve supply to muscles

    <p>It is not necessary to initiate contractions but serves to modify them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary movements?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle activity generates heat, T OR F

    <p>T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is made up of individual smooth muscle cells or small groups of cells and is used for small delicate movements

    <p>Multiunit smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to muscle cells?

    <p>sarco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contracting unit of skeletal muscle called?

    <p>Sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site where motor nerve fibers connect with muscle fibers called?

    <p>Neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the size of the resulting movement in a muscle unit?

    <p>Number of muscle fibers per nerve fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a fixator in muscle actions?

    <p>Stabilizes joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a single muscle fiber contraction?

    <p>Twitch Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an antagonist muscle in muscle actions?

    <p>Directly opposes action of prime mover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time between the nerve stimulus and the beginning of contraction?

    <p>Latent Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a synergist muscle in muscle actions?

    <p>Contracts at the same time as prime mover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Panting or sweating is NOT a mechanism to eliminate excess heat, T OR F

    <p>F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is striated and contracts without external stimulation?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is responsible for fine movements and requires specific impulses from the autonomic nerves to contract?

    <p>Visceral muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shivering is a type of spasmodic muscle contraction that increases heat production T OR F

    <p>T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has long, branched fibers that form networks of cells with firm end-to-end attachments between them?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has actin and myosin filaments that slide over each other, causing shortening of the sarcomeres?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is involuntary and has only one central nucleus per cell?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has sliding of filaments over each other that causes shortening of the sarcomeres?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle contracts in a rapid, wavelike fashion and allows blood to be effectively squeezed out of the chambers?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle contracts without external stimulation and adopts the contraction rate of the most rapid cell in the group?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle has small, spindle-shaped cells with a single central nucleus?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle is under _________ and must receive nerve impulses to contract and produce the desired action

    <p>Conscious voluntary control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [initiation of muscle conraction] Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the ___________->impulse travels through the ______ to the interior of the cell->to the ___________

    <p>Sarcolemmal surface, transverse tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Initiation of muscle contraction] Acetylcholine binds to receptors on sarcolemmal surface->impulse travels through the transverse tubules to the interior of the cell->to the sarcoplasmic reticulum which causes release of stored ________ into the sarcoplasm and diffuse into __________ to shorten (contraction) - powered by ATP

    <p>Calcium ions (Ca++)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [Muscle relaxation] _________ pumps calcium ions back in, pulling it out of the ______ and muscle fibers return to their original length

    <p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Energy is needed to pump calcium back into the SR

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individual muscle fibers contract completely when stimulated by their nerves, this is called ___________

    <p>The all-or-nothing principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nerve impulses are timed so that twitches of individual muscle fibers can occur at __________, resulting in smooth, sustained muscle contractions

    <p>Slightly different times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entire muscle contractions last ______-

    <p>~0.1 sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle is

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Visceral smooth muscle

    <p>Large sheets of cells in the walls of hollow organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiunit muscle

    <p>Small, discrete groups of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what type of smooth muscle makes up the iris and ciliary body, blood vessels and bronchioles

    <p>Multiunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In walls of many soft internal organs

    <p>Visceral smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contracts without external stimulation

    <p>Visceral smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    No fine movements possible, contracts in large, rhythmic waves

    <p>Visceral smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It reacts to stretching by contracting more strongly (except in the uterus)

    <p>Visceral smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [chemistry of contraction] When need for oxygen exceeds supply, muscle fibers shift to ____ to produce energy->______ builds up as a byproduct of incomplete glucose breakdown

    <p>Anaerobic metabolism, lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During muscle contraction, what builds up as a byproduct of incomplete glucose breakdown

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of muscle fibers per nerve determines the size of the resulting movement

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of muscle fibers per nerve does not determine the size of the resulting movement

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Delicate muscles have fewer muscle fibers per motor unit than large muscles, making larger movements

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Delicate muscles have fewer muscle fibers per motor unit than large muscles, making smaller movements

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Delicate muscles have more muscle fibers per motor unit than large muscles, making larger movements

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A motor unit is

    <p>A nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When relaxed, the actin and myosin filaments in a muscle fiber overlap a little

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When relaxed, the actin and myosin filaments in a muscle fiber do not overlap at all

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When stimulated to contract by a nerve impulse, cross bridges on the myosin filaments move back and forth pulling the actin filaments on both sides toward the center myosin filament

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When stimulated to contract by a nerve impulse, cross bridges on the myosin filaments move back and forth pulling the actin filaments on both sides away from the center myosin filament

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When stimulated to contract by a nerve impulse, cross bridges on the myosin filaments move side to side pulling the actin filaments on both sides toward the center myosin filament

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [during contraction] Sliding filaments over each other causes shortening of the sarcomeres

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [during contraction] Sliding filaments over each other causes lengthening of the sarcomeres

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Combines shortening of the end to end sarcomeres in a muscle fiber = contraction

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Combines shortening of the end to end sarcomeres in a muscle fiber = stricture

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Types and Functions

    • Voluntary and striated muscle is known as skeletal muscle.
    • Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart.
    • Smooth muscle is visceral, involuntary, and lines internal organs and blood vessels.
    • Cardiac muscle is responsible for the contraction of the heart.
    • Skeletal muscle enables movement in the body.
    • Smooth muscle exists in the walls of organs and blood vessels.
    • Involuntary movements are primarily managed by smooth muscle.

    Muscle Physiology

    • Muscle activity generates heat; this statement is true.
    • Small delicate movements are performed by muscle fibers or small groups of cells known as motor units.
    • Muscle cells are referred to as myocytes.
    • The contracting unit of skeletal muscle is called a sarcomere.
    • The neuromuscular junction is the site where motor nerve fibers connect with muscle fibers.
    • The size of movement in a muscle unit is influenced by the number of fibers per motor unit.

    Muscle Action and Coordination

    • A fixator stabilizes one part of the body while another part moves.
    • A single muscle fiber contraction is termed a muscle twitch.
    • An antagonist muscle opposes the action of another muscle.
    • The latent period is the time between nerve stimulus and the beginning of muscle contraction.
    • A synergist muscle assists the prime mover in action.

    Muscle Types Characteristics

    • Striated muscle that contracts without external stimulation refers to cardiac muscle.
    • Fine movements requiring specific autonomic impulses involve smooth muscle.
    • Shivering is a spasmodic muscle contraction that increases heat production; this statement is true.
    • Cardiac muscle has long, branched fibers forming networks with firm end-to-end attachments.
    • Smooth muscle contains actin and myosin filaments that slide over each other, shortening sarcomeres.

    Muscle Contraction and Relaxation

    • Smooth muscle contracts in rapid, wavelike patterns, effectively squeezing blood from the heart's chambers.
    • Smooth muscle can contract without external stimulation and follows the contraction rate of the fastest cell.
    • Smooth muscle features small, spindle-shaped cells with a single central nucleus.
    • Skeletal muscle functions under voluntary control and requires nerve impulses for contraction.

    Neuromuscular Function

    • Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, initiating an impulse that travels through the transverse tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    • Calcium ions are released into the sarcoplasm, allowing muscle fibers to shorten (contract), powered by ATP.
    • Calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for muscle relaxation, returning fibers to their original length.
    • Each muscle fiber contracts completely when stimulated—this is known as all-or-nothing principle.
    • Twitches of individual muscle fibers are timed for smooth, sustained contractions.

    Muscle Fiber Organization

    • The number of muscle fibers per nerve influences the size of movement; fewer fibers allow for finer movements.
    • Delicate muscles have fewer fibers per motor unit, leading to smaller movements.
    • In contrast, larger muscles have more fibers per motor unit, producing larger movements.
    • The overlap of actin and myosin filaments determines contraction effectiveness.

    Chemical Response to Activity

    • When oxygen supply exceeds demand, muscle fibers shift to anaerobic metabolism, causing lactic acid to build up as a byproduct.

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    Muscle Physiology 2023-1.ppsx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on muscle types, anatomy, and contraction processes with this quiz. Learn about the three types of muscles, their locations in the body, and their microscopic anatomy. Understand the role of the nervous system in muscle contraction and the phases involved in this process. Get insights into how cardiac and smooth muscles contract as well.

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