Muscle Types and Control

Which type of muscle is controlled via the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

Which characteristic distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal and cardiac muscle?

What is the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in muscle function?

How is cardiac muscle contraction primarily controlled?

Which of the following lists the muscle types in order from fastest to slowest contraction speed?

If a muscle develops tension but does not shorten, what type of contraction is occurring?

What primarily controls the contraction of smooth muscle?

Why is the variation of resting length important in smooth muscle found in blood vessels?

Which muscle type contains multiple nuclei per cell?

What happens to passive tension when a muscle is stretched?

What is the main function of skeletal muscle?

How does the brain optimize force production in skeletal muscle?

Which division of the nervous system modulates the spontaneous activity of cardiac muscle?

At what muscle length is active twitch tension maximized?

What receptor type mediates the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?

In the context of muscle mechanics, what does 'Lo' typically represent?

Which of the following is true regarding the number of nuclei in cardiac muscle cells?

What distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal muscle regarding voluntary control?

What is the primary function of smooth muscle in the viscera?

How does stretching a muscle affect its passive tension?

During the cross-bridge cycle, what is the immediate consequence of ATP binding to myosin?

What triggers the binding of myosin to actin during muscle contraction?

During the power stroke of muscle contraction, what event directly causes the sliding of actin filaments?

What is the role of ATP hydrolysis in the cross-bridge cycle?

What is the functional unit of a striated muscle fiber?

Which of the following accurately describes the composition of myofilaments within a sarcomere?

What structural component defines the boundary of a sarcomere?

In skeletal muscle, what is the function of the T-tubules in excitation-contraction coupling?

What regulatory proteins are directly associated with actin in the thin filament?

What is the critical role of calcium ions ($Ca^{2+}$) in muscle contraction?

During muscle contraction, what happens to the length of the A band?

What describes the sliding filament hypothesis?

How does optimal skeletal muscle length contribute to force generation?

Which event occurs immediately before myosin binds to actin?

During an isometric contraction, what is occurring at the level of the muscle?

What triggers the detachment of myosin from actin during the cross-bridge cycle?

What is the main characteristic of the thin filament in the sarcomere?

What describes the role of ATP after the power stroke?

What event is directly powered by the hydrolysis of ATP during muscle contraction?

Why is sufficient blood flow crucial for the head musculature?

What is the direct effect of acetylcholine (ACh) binding to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction?

What structural component of muscle cells propagates action potentials from the surface membrane into the cell's interior?

What is the primary role of the motor end plate?

What initiates the excitation-contraction coupling process in muscle cells?

What is the function of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase pump in muscle relaxation?

What event immediately follows the depolarization of the T-tubules during excitation-contraction coupling?

How does calcium facilitate muscle contraction at the molecular level?

How does the motor nerve action potential lead to muscle fiber contraction?

What is the role of troponin in regulating muscle contraction?

What happens to the concentration of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm immediately after depolarization opens calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Where does the action potential propagate after reaching the surface membrane of the muscle cell?

What is the functional significance of multiple branches of a motor nerve innervating individual muscle fibers?

What would happen if the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stopped functioning?

What structural change occurs in the actin filament when the myosin-binding site becomes available?

What is the primary function of the lateral sacs (terminal cisternae) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

How is the action potential transferred from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction?

What role do gap junctions play in muscle tissue, if any?

How does the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ ions, after activation of the acetylcholine-gated cation channel, contribute to muscle cell excitability?

What event directly causes myosin to bind to actin?

What is the result of the wave of the action potential traveling along the T-tubules?