Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of muscle tissue?
What type of muscle is attached to the skeleton?
Skeletal muscle
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?
Involuntary, striated, branched, single nucleus.
Where is smooth muscle found?
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Match the characteristics of muscle tissue:
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What is the function of endomysium?
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What is a fascicle in muscle tissue?
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What does perimysium do?
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What is the function of epimysium?
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What type of tissue is a tendon?
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What is the sarcolemma?
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What are T tubules?
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What is the function of T tubules?
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What are myofibrils?
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What are myofilaments made of?
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What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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What do terminal cisternae contain?
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Study Notes
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Three main types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
Skeletal Muscle
- Voluntary control, attached to skeleton.
- Cells are cylindrical, multinucleate, and arranged in parallel.
- Striated appearance due to organized protein filaments.
- Does not replicate; lacks centrioles.
Cardiac Muscle
- Found exclusively in the heart.
- Cells are short, branched, with a single nucleus.
- Interconnect at intercalated disks featuring ion channels.
- Striated and involuntary; cells are physically and functionally synchronized.
Smooth Muscle
- Located in the walls of organs and blood vessels.
- Lacks striations, classified as non-striated and involuntary.
- Extensible properties, allowing for dynamic shape alterations like in the bladder.
- Capable of replication.
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
- Four key properties: excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity.
Endomysium
- Connective tissue that surrounds individual skeletal muscle fibers, binding adjacent fibers together.
Fascicle
- A bundle of muscle fibers held together by endomysium.
Perimysium
- Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle.
Epimysium
- Dense layer of collagen fibers encasing the entire muscle.
Tendon and Aponeurosis
- Tendons are dense regular connective tissue formed from bundled collagen fibers of all muscle layers; aponeurosis is a flat sheet form.
Sarcolemma
- Membrane surrounding muscle fibers, serving as a barrier for ion movement.
T Tubules
- Narrow tubules filled with extracellular fluid; form a network that extends into muscle fibers.
Function of T Tubules
- Conduct electrical pulses from the sarcolemma, triggering muscle contractions by altering internal chemical environment.
Myofibrils
- Cylindrical structures composed of protein strands, spanning the length of muscle fibers.
- Each fiber contains hundreds to thousands of myofibrils, made up of bundles of thick and thin myofilaments.
Myofilaments
- Composed of thin filaments (actin) and thick filaments (myosin), integral to muscle contraction and structure.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- Specialized endoplasmic reticulum that forms a tubular network around each myofibril, storing calcium ions.
Terminal Cisternae
- Located on either side of T tubules, forming triads with myofibrils.
- High concentration of calcium ions stored here; release initiates muscle contraction.
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Description
Explore the fundamental characteristics of various muscle tissues through these flashcards. Learn about skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, including their structure and function. Perfect for students studying anatomy or physiology.
