Questions and Answers
Describe the four characteristics of muscle tissue.
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity.
List the major structural and functional differences among the three types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, smooth muscle is nonstriated and involuntary.
Describe the five key functions of muscle.
Produces body movements, stabilizes body positions, regulates organ volume, moves substances within the body, generates heat.
Smooth muscle looks like?
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Describe the fascia which surrounds muscles.
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Describe the connective tissue coverings which support skeletal muscle.
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What is the purpose of nerves and blood with respect to skeletal muscle?
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What is the purpose of tendons and aponeuroses with respect to muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?
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Identify the epimysium, perimysium and endomysium.
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Differentiate between deep and superficial fascia.
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Describe the microscopic anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber.
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Identify the contractile elements of skeletal muscle.
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
- Excitability: Muscle tissue can respond to nervous impulses or hormonal stimuli.
- Contractility: Capable of forceful contraction and shortening.
- Extensibility: Can stretch beyond its resting length within limits.
- Elasticity: Recoils to resting length after being stretched.
Types of Muscle Tissue
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Skeletal Muscle:
- Attaches to bones
- Striated and voluntary
-
Cardiac Muscle:
- Forms the heart wall
- Striated and involuntary
-
Smooth Muscle:
- Found in viscera
- Non-striated (smooth) and involuntary
Functions of Muscle
- Produces body movements through contraction.
- Stabilizes body positions while maintaining posture.
- Regulates the volume of organs by controlling contractions.
- Moves substances within the body, such as food through the digestive tract.
- Generates heat through metabolic activity during contractions.
Fascia Surrounding Muscles
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Superficial Fascia:
- Separates muscle from skin.
- Provides pathways for nerves and blood vessels, stores fat, and insulates muscles.
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Deep Fascia:
- Lines body walls and limbs; organizes muscles with similar functions.
- Facilitates muscle movement and houses nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.
Connective Tissue Coverings of Skeletal Muscle
- Epimysium: Envelops the entire muscle.
- Perimysium: Encases the fasciculi (bundles of muscle fibers).
- Endomysium: Surrounds individual muscle fibers (cells).
Role of Nerves and Blood in Skeletal Muscle
- Nerves: Motor neurons transmit impulses needed for muscle contraction.
- Blood: Supplies nutrients and oxygen vital for energy and contraction.
Tendons and Aponeuroses
- Tendons and aponeuroses attach muscles to bones or other muscles, facilitating movement and stability during contraction.
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fiber
- Fibers arise from myoblasts, with some remaining as satellite cells.
- Covered by sarcolemma, which has T tubules for action potential propagation.
- Sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm) contains glycogen and myoglobin.
- Each fiber holds myofibrils, which consist of thick and thin filaments.
- Sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds each myofibril, storing calcium ions.
- Myofibrils organized into sarcomeres, the functional units, featuring dark (A band) and light (I band) areas separated by Z discs.
Contractile Elements of Skeletal Muscle
- Contractile Proteins: Generate force during contraction.
- Myosin: Main component of thick filaments, acts as a motor protein converting ATP energy into movement.
- Actin: Main component of thin filaments with binding sites for myosin heads, facilitating contraction through sliding filament mechanism.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of muscle tissue with these flashcards. Learn about excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity through engaging activities. Perfect for anatomy and physiology students looking to reinforce their understanding of muscle tissue.
