L1 Muscle Physiology: Membrane and Action Potentials

What type of potential exactly balances the tendency of an ion to diffuse down its concentration gradient?

What is the driving force behind the movement of uncharged molecules across a membrane?

What is the typical value of the equilibrium potential for potassium ions (EK+)?

What is the primary factor that determines the diffusion potential across a membrane?

What would happen if the membrane was not permeable to the ion in question?

What type of cells undergo controlled changes in their membrane potential?

What is the term for the difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a biological cell?

What is the effect of a diffusion potential on the concentration of ions in bulk solution?

What is the typical value of the equilibrium potential for sodium ions (ENa+)?

What is the diffusion potential generated by?

What is the relationship between the diffusion potential and the concentration gradient?

What is the term for the membrane potential of a cell that remains relatively constant over time?

What is the resting potential of nerve fibers when not transmitting nerve signals?

What is the main contributor to the resting potential of nerve cells?

What is the selectivity of the potassium leak channels?

Why do potassium ions move into the cell?

What is the role of the Na-K pump?

Why is the membrane less permeable to sodium ions?

What is the minimal membrane potential required to trigger an action potential?

What happens to the membrane potential during depolarization?

What causes the rapid diffusion of K ions out of the cell during repolarization?

What is the term for the state when neurons have a more negative membrane potential than normal?

What is the absolute refractory period?

What is the relative refractory period?

What is the primary function of the Na-K pump?

What is the role of the ATPase function in the Na-K pump?

What is the significance of the resting potential in neurons?

What is the characteristics of an action potential?

What are the five stages of an action potential?

What is the significance of the Na-K pump in controlling the volume of a cell?

What is the primary driving force behind the movement of charged molecules across a membrane?

What is necessary for a diffusion potential to be generated across a membrane?

What is the effect of a diffusion potential on the bulk solution?

What determines the magnitude of the diffusion potential across a membrane?

What would happen if a membrane was not permeable to the ion in question?

What is the relationship between the diffusion potential and the concentration gradient?

What is the main factor that determines the equilibrium potential of an ion?

What is the characteristic of the membrane potential in most animal cells?

What is the term for the membrane potential that remains relatively constant over time?

What is the primary factor that determines the membrane potential of a cell?

What is the difference between the electric potential inside and outside a biological cell?

Which type of cells do not undergo controlled changes in their membrane potential?

What is the primary contributor to the resting potential of nerve cells?

What determines the selectivity of potassium leak channels?

What is the direction of potassium ion movement in the resting state?

What is the effect of the Na-K pump on the resting potential?

Why are potassium ions attracted to the inside of the cell?

What is the typical value of the resting potential of nerve fibers when not transmitting nerve signals?

What is the primary function of the Na-K pump in neurons?

What is the characteristic of the action potential that allows it to spread rapidly along the nerve fiber membrane?

What is the consequence of the dynamic changes in the membrane potential in neurons and muscle cells?

What is the role of the ATPase function in the Na-K pump?

What is the significance of the resting potential in nerve cells?

How many stages are involved in the action potential?

What is the minimum membrane potential required to initiate an action potential?

What type of channels are activated during depolarization?

What is the term for the state when neurons have a more negative membrane potential than normal after an action potential?

What is the primary function of the voltage-gated potassium channels during an action potential?

What is the period during which the voltage-gated sodium channels are closed and cannot be reopened?

What is the stage of the action potential during which the membrane potential becomes highly permeable to sodium ions?