Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Flexion?
What is the opposite of Flexion?
Extension
What does Lateral Flexion involve?
Bending the trunk or spine laterally away from the midline
What is the definition of Extension?
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What is Hyperextension?
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What is the definition of Adduction?
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What is the opposite of Adduction?
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What does Pronation refer to?
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What does Supination involve?
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What is Dorsiflexion?
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What does Inversion mean?
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What is Eversion?
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What does Plantar Flexion involve?
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What does Rotation refer to in muscle movements?
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What is Circumduction?
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What does Protraction involve?
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What is the opposite of Protraction?
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What does Elevation mean?
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What is the opposite of Elevation?
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Study Notes
Muscle Movements Overview
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Flexion: Decreases the angle of a joint; opposite is extension. Example: bending the elbow to bring hand toward the body.
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Extension: Increases the angle of a joint; opposite is flexion. Example: straightening a bent arm at the elbow.
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Hyperextension: Extending a joint past its anatomical position, often limited by ligaments or soft tissues. Example: looking up at the ceiling to hyperextend the neck.
Lateral Movements
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Lateral Flexion: Bending the trunk or spine sideways away from the midline. Example: tilting the head to the side while standing straight.
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Adduction: Movement of a body part toward the midline; opposite is abduction. Example: raising the arm perpendicular to the side of the body.
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Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the midline; opposite is adduction. Example: returning the arm to the side position.
Rotational Movements
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Pronation: Rotation of the palm and forearm from facing upwards to downwards; opposite is supination.
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Supination: Rotation of the palm and forearm from facing downwards to upwards; opposite is pronation.
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Rotation: A bone or limb turns around an axis or joint. Example: rotating the head from left to right.
Foot Movements
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Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upwards toward the body, decreasing space between toes and shin.
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Inversion: Twisting the foot to turn the sole inward; opposite is eversion.
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Eversion: Twisting the foot to turn the sole outward; opposite is inversion.
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Plantar Flexion: Bending the foot or hand forward away from the body, increasing space between toes and shin.
Circular and Linear Movements
- Circumduction: A limb moves in a circle while the proximal end stays fixed. Example: making large circles with an outstretched arm while the shoulder remains stationary.
Movement of Body Parts
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Protraction: Moving a body part forward; opposite is retraction. Example: pushing the jaw forward as if under-biting.
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Retraction: Moving a body part backward; opposite is protraction. Example: pulling the jaw backward as if over-biting.
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Elevation: Upward movement of a body part; opposite is depression. Example: closing the jaw or lifting the shoulders.
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Depression: Downward movement of a body part; opposite is elevation. Example: opening the jaw wide or shrugging the shoulders.
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Description
Explore key terms related to muscle movements through this set of flashcards. Each card provides a definition and example for important concepts such as flexion, lateral flexion, and extension. Perfect for students studying anatomy or physical education!