Muscle and Neuron Functions Quiz

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What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

Storing energy

Regulating body temperature

Facilitating body movements (correct)

Transporting oxygen

Which of the following structures connect skeletal muscles to bones?

Cartilage

Tendons (correct)

Connective tissue

Ligaments

What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle?

Acetylcholine (correct)

Serotonin

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Which characteristic describes myofibrils in skeletal muscle fibers?

They are responsible for the contraction and shortening of muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle?

Attached to smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a neuron?

To communicate information using electrical and chemical signals Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuron is responsible for converting stimuli from the environment into electrical signals?

Sensory neuron Signup and view all the answers

Which neurons carry signals from sensory organs to the central nervous system?

Sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

What role do interneurons play in the neural communication process?

They convert information back into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of motor neurons in the context of sensory information?

To transmit signals to muscle-stimulating tissues or glands Signup and view all the answers

What is a motor unit primarily composed of?

A motor neuron and all the muscles it controls Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a nerve?

It connects various body parts and is comprised of axons and dendrites. Signup and view all the answers

Where are soma (cell bodies) primarily located?

In the gray matter of the brain and ganglia Signup and view all the answers

What function do sensory neurons serve?

They convert environmental signals into electrical signals. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component found within the soma (cell body)?

Axons Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane called when a neuron is not transmitting a signal?

Resting membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

In resting conditions, which ion can easily cross the neuron's cell membrane?

Potassium ions ($K^+$) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of muscle contraction known as?

Sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical resting membrane potential for neurons?

-60 to -70 mV Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of ions affect the resting membrane potential?

It creates a negative charge inside the neuron relative to the outside. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic allows a muscle to respond to stimuli?

Excitability Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of skeletal muscle fibers under a light microscope?

Striated Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle cell has the most negative resting potential?

Skeletal muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle property does elasticity represent?

Ability to recover to original length Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a muscle fiber does not allow light to pass through?

Dark bands Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of action potential?

Depolarization Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the absolute refractory period?

No other action potential can be generated. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the membrane potential during repolarization?

It returns towards zero. Signup and view all the answers

At what membrane potential does the overshoot occur?

+20 mV Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the membrane potential become more positive than the resting potential?

Overshoot/Peak Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is required to trigger another action potential during the relative refractory period?

A stronger stimulus than usual Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting potential of cells approximately?

-70 mV Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during repolarization?

Membrane potential returns towards resting potential Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after the repolarization phase?

After-hyperpolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of action potential occurs immediately after depolarization?

Overshoot/Peak Phase Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during depolarization in an action potential?

Na+ ions flow into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic describes the action potential's response to a stimulus beyond the threshold?

The action potential is an all-or-none response. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hypercalcemia have on excitability?

Decreases excitability. Signup and view all the answers

During which step of the action potential do K+ channels open?

Repolarization. Signup and view all the answers

What conditions would lead to increased excitability of nerve cells?

Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of repolarization?

The membrane potential returns to its resting state. Signup and view all the answers

During hyperpolarization, how does the membrane potential change?

It becomes more negative than the resting potential. Signup and view all the answers

Which ions are primarily involved in causing hyperpolarization?

Potassium ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the membrane potential during hyperpolarization?

-90 mV to -100 mV Signup and view all the answers