Multiple Sclerosis Disease

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

To transmit signals between neurons
To destroy pathogens that enter the CNS
To create the myelin sheath around neuron axons (correct)
To regulate the immune response in the CNS

What is the result of the immune system's attack on the central nervous system in MS?

Degeneration of the CNS
Demylination of the CNS
Inflammation of the CNS
Demyelination of the CNS (correct)

What is the term for the scarring caused by inflammatory attacks at multiple sites in the CNS?

Axonal damage
Demyelination
Multiple sclerosis (correct)
Neurodegeneration

What is the role of the immune system in a healthy individual?

To protect from disease and infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a known environmental trigger for the risk of MS and disease progression?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of white matter in the CNS?

Axons connecting different parts of grey matter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment in multiple sclerosis?

Modifying the course of the disease and managing symptoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of multiple sclerosis?

Chronic Progressive MS (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lumbar puncture in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?

To test for immune cells and antibodies (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Progressive MS?

Steady progression of disease from onset (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line option for treating acute relapses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

Oral corticosteroids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people with Relapsing-Remitting MS will develop Secondary Progressive MS within 25 years?

90% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evoked potential tests in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?

To assess the functioning of the eyes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of MS management?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Secondary Progressive MS?

Neurologic function worsens progressively (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of people who initially experience Primary Progressive MS?

10% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for recommending Tysabri as a first-line therapy?

Presence of very active disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with Novantrone?

Cardiac risk and leukemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of occupational therapy for MS patients?

To conserve energy and perform everyday tasks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of cognitive rehabilitation therapy for MS patients?

Enhanced cognitive skills (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of rehabilitation physical therapy for MS patients?

To improve walking and mobility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary condition for which autologous stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is most helpful?

Relapsing-remitting MS with no response to DMTs (C) Signup and view all the answers

When should intravenous methylprednisolone be considered as an alternative?

If oral methylprednisolone has failed or is not tolerated, or if hospitalisation is required (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of steroids in treating MS relapses?

To speed up recovery from a relapse (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of steroid treatment for MS relapses?

Short-term (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is approved by the FDA for secondary-progressive MS?

Mitoxantrone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of disease-modifying therapies for MS?

To reduce the amount of damage and scarring to the myelin sheath (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who is eligible for disease-modifying therapies?

Only patients with relapsing-remitting MS or some people with primary or secondary progressive MS who have relapses (A) Signup and view all the answers