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Questions and Answers

Establishing a multinational enterprise subsidiary to access Congolese mines is primarily an expression of:

  • Market seeking
  • Natural resource seeking (correct)
  • Strategic resource seeking
  • Efficiency seeking
  • Which archetype of administrative heritage most closely aligns with a firm using its foreign subsidiaries as exact replicas of its home operations?

  • International Coordinator
  • International Projector (correct)
  • Centralized exporter
  • Multi-centered MNE
  • Political hostility between countries is most directly an expression of:

  • Cultural distance
  • Economic distance
  • Geographic distance
  • Administrative distance (correct)
  • According to Iansiti and Lakhani, how can 'brick-and-mortar' firms proactively respond to the rise of digital hub firms?

    <p>By taking on the role of a hub firm themselves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a due diligence process addressing potential hidden security issues and compromised data, which action is least likely to be effective?

    <p>Substantially discount the economic value/price of the acquisition target (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is least likely to be considered a higher-order firm-specific advantage (FSA)?

    <p>The privileged location of the MNE’s retail outlets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of effective environmental regulations is NOT emphasized in Porter and Van der Linde’s article?

    <p>Countries should develop regulations rather fast, in order to gain a first mover advantage on the international stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of home-base-augmenting innovation labs?

    <p>To access and recombine local knowledge, then send information back to the central lab. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Barney (1991), a firm is said to have a sustained competitive advantage when:

    <p>it is implementing a value-creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors and when these other firms are unable to duplicate the benefits of this strategy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Ghemawat’s framework, which of the following cultural dimensions is NOT considered in the CAGE distance framework?

    <p>Collectivism vs. Individualism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hamel, Doz and Prahalad, what is the main criterion for evaluating international alliance success?

    <p>How much one partner can learn from the other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should potential environmental regulations be designed, according to Porter and van der Linde?

    <p>Regulations should encourage innovation making companies in the country of origin more competitive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which archetype is least associated with the rapid international expansion of developed economy MNEs in emerging economies post-World War II?

    <p>Multi-centered MNE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An MNE establishing innovation labs abroad primarily demonstrates what?

    <p>Creating new FSAs in the host country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Arnold's guidelines for MNEs dealing with local distributors, which action is NOT recommended?

    <p>Delegate marketing strategy to distributors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In responding to a severe global crisis like COVID-19, a geographically diversified MNE is likely to achieve optimal performance outcomes by focusing on what?

    <p>The multiple diamonds where it is active. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a listed benefit of standardizing grading systems across MNE subsidiaries?

    <p>Clear identification of future core competence development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MOST significant risk associated with MNEs excessively focusing on short-term profitability in international alliances?

    <p>Potential for long-term strategic misalignment with partners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An MNE decides to solely utilize expatriate managers in a foreign subsidiary due to perceived lack of local talent. Which of the following is the MOST likely negative consequence of this approach?

    <p>Decreased employee morale and higher turnover rates among local staff. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an MNE is structured as a global matrix, what is the most typical challenge it will face?

    <p>Lack of clear lines of authority and diffused responsibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did HP apply specific business practices in its CSR initiatives?

    <p>To establish specific strategic objectives for each social issue addressed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can operating exposure at the subsidiary level be assessed?

    <p>By examining the exposure absorption capability in the <strong>input</strong> market and exchange rate pass-through in the <strong>output</strong> market. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does geo-redundancy refer to in the context of multinational enterprises?

    <p>Conducting economic activities across a broader number of locations to mitigate disruptions in any single location. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action best exemplifies a regional strategy in international business?

    <p>Entering nearby foreign countries within a firm’s immediate home region. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a 'diamond' of home country advantage primarily benefit a multinational enterprise?

    <p>By providing a competitive edge through favorable factor conditions, demand conditions, and related/supporting industries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary implication of high exchange rate pass-through from input markets to a subsidiary?

    <p>The subsidiary's costs are highly sensitive to changes in exchange rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can geo-redundancy specifically improve an MNE's operational resilience in light of global supply chain disruptions?

    <p>By distributing production and sourcing across multiple, geographically diverse locations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key risk associated with a purely regional internationalization strategy?

    <p>Missing opportunities for growth in more distant, but potentially more profitable, markets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a strong 'diamond' in a home country potentially hinder a multinational enterprise?

    <p>By fostering complacency and resistance to innovation due to an overreliance on existing advantages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategic capability is most critical for managing operating exposure at the subsidiary level?

    <p>The ability to actively manage costs, adjust pricing strategies, and diversify markets in response to exchange rate movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key element that defines a competitive advantage?

    <p>Implementing a value-creating strategy that is not simultaneously implemented by competitors and cannot be duplicated by them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nancy Meyer, what does 'cultural disintegration' signify in the context of multinational enterprises (MNEs)?

    <p>Friction between an MNE's organizational culture and the culture of host country operations during geographic expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a globally disruptive event, what is the best complement to Bartlett and Ghoshal's conventional dimensions for determining a foreign subsidiary's role?

    <p>An assessment of the degree to which the subsidiary's activities are 'modularized' and the extent to which it can function independently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Levitt's framework, which of the following could be considered an example of an MNE's administrative heritage?

    <p>Primarily acting as an International Projector, focusing on transferring home country practices abroad. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the purpose of an MNE's strategic architecture?

    <p>It describes the formal reporting structure of the business only. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering the strategic importance of a foreign market for an MNE, which factor is most critical in determining the level of investment and commitment?

    <p>The potential for the market to contribute to the MNE's global competitive advantage, considering factors like market size, growth rate, and strategic fit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would likely necessitate the greatest degree of adaptation of an MNE's business model in a foreign market?

    <p>A market with significantly different cultural norms, consumer behavior, and a less developed infrastructure compared to the MNE's home market. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of global strategy, how does 'location-bound advantage' primarily benefit an MNE?

    <p>By providing the MNE with exclusive access to resources, markets, or capabilities that are difficult for competitors to access or imitate in a specific location. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of an MNE overly emphasizing the replication of its home country's administrative practices in its foreign subsidiaries (administrative heritage)?

    <p>It can result in a lack of adaptability and responsiveness to local market conditions, potentially hindering performance and creating conflicts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes most significantly to creating a successful 'strategic fit' between a multinational enterprise (MNE) and a foreign market?

    <p>A deep understanding of the local market's unique characteristics, including cultural norms, consumer behavior, and competitive landscape, and tailoring the MNE's approach accordingly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Natural resource seeking

    Establishing subsidiaries to access natural resources.

    International Coordinator

    Uses foreign subsidiaries as home operation clones.

    Administrative distance

    Political hostility between countries affecting operations.

    Responding to digital hubs

    Brick-and-mortar firms adapting to digital competitors.

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    Cybersecurity diligence

    Process to uncover hidden security issues in acquisitions.

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    Higher-order FSA

    Capabilities that provide competitive advantages for MNEs.

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    Porter and Van der Linde's regulations

    Concepts of effective environmental regulations.

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    Sustained competitive advantage

    Long-term benefit a firm has over competitors.

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    Home-base-augmenting innovation labs

    Labs that access local knowledge and share it with the central lab.

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    Criteria for evaluating international alliance success

    The main measure is how much one partner learns from the other.

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    Not associated archetype with MNEs' rapid expansion

    An archetype that doesn't fit post-WWII rapid expansion is the centralized exporter.

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    Setting up innovation labs abroad

    This action involves creating new firm-specific advantages (FSAs) in host countries.

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    Arnold's guideline on distributor relationships

    One false guideline is to delegate marketing strategy entirely to distributors.

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    Optimal performance during global crisis

    Focusing on the multiple diamonds where a geographically diversified MNE is active leads to better outcomes.

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    Local knowledge recombination

    Accessing and combining local knowledge to enhance innovation and products.

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    Success metrics for global partnerships

    Evaluating partnerships should focus on mutual learning rather than solely on profits.

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    Expanding MNEs in emerging economies

    Archetypes like Multi-centered MNE thrive in emerging markets post 1945.

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    Innovation adaptation to local demand

    Innovation labs adapt products from the home country to meet local needs.

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    Value-creating strategy

    A unique strategy providing benefits not being pursued by competitors.

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    Cultural disintegration

    The friction between an MNE’s culture and host country culture during expansion.

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    MNE foreign subsidiary role

    Determined by subsidiary's resource base and market strategic importance.

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    Modularized activities

    The extent to which a subsidiary can operate independently.

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    Administrative heritage

    The historical administrative practices affecting an MNE’s performance.

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    Market seeking approach to FDI

    Investments focused on accessing new markets rather than resources.

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    Strategic architecture

    The framework guiding an MNE in building competencies and integration.

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    Decentralized SBUs

    Strategic Business Units operating independently within a corporation.

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    Core competencies

    Unique strengths that give an MNE competitive advantage.

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    Global disruption

    Significant global events impacting business operations.

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    HP CSR Practices

    HP used 7 practices in CSR to align profit with social objectives.

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    Operating Exposure

    Risk at subsidiary level due to market and exchange rate changes.

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    Exposure Absorption Capability

    The ability to manage risk from market changes in operations.

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    Geo-redundancy

    Distributing operations to avoid vulnerability in a single location.

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    Regional Strategy

    Focus on entering nearby foreign countries within the home region.

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    CAGE Distance Dimensions

    Framework assessing Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic distances.

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    Exchange Rate Pass-Through

    The degree to which changes in exchange rates affect consumer pricing.

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    MNE Media Coverage

    Impact of corporate social responsibility on multinational exposure in media.

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    Strategic Objectives in CSR

    Clear goals established by businesses for addressing social issues.

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    Domestic Production Focus

    Prioritizing local production to minimize risks from foreign disruptions.

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    Study Notes

    Multinational Enterprise Subsidiaries

    • Establishing a subsidiary to access Congolese mines is an example of strategic resource seeking
    • Archetypes of administrative heritage include centralized exporters, international projectors, international coordinators, multi-centered MNEs

    Political Hostility

    • Political hostility between countries is often expressed as cultural distance

    Digital Hub Firms

    • Brick-and-mortar firms can respond to the rise of digital hub firms by taking on the role of a hub firm or increasing their spending on marketing and advertising to attract more customers
    • Other strategies include pursuing sustainability strategies or by increasing their economies of scale.

    Data Security Issues in Acquisitions

    • Evaluating acquisition targets’ cyber security compliance is a key action in diligence processes
    • Discounting the acquisition target's valuation to account for potential data security problems is also relevant

    Higher-Order FSAs

    • The MNE's critical routines, recombination capability, and privileged location of retail outlets are higher-order FSAs. The ability of the MNE to integrate multiple technologies is NOT one of them

    Environmental Regulations

    • A major feature of good environmental regulations, according to Van der Linde and Porter, is that industries help solve their own problems regarding new technologies.

    Competitive Advantage

    • Sustained competitive advantage, according to Barney (1991), is achieved by implementing a value-creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors, and when those competitors are unable to duplicate the benefits.

    Cultural Disintegration

    • Cultural disintegration, as described by Meyer, refers to the friction between an MNE's organizational culture and the culture of host country operations, specifically when the MNE expands geographically

    Foreign Subsidiary Roles

    • In the wake of disruptive events, Bartlett and Ghoshal's conventional dimensions (subsidiary resource base and importance of local market) can be complemented by factors such as modularization of activities and individual business model development.

    Administrative Heritage

    • Administrative heritage, in determining MNE successes or failures., includes aspects like being an international projector, having location-bound advantages, and a market-seeking approach to FDI.

    Innovation Labs

    • Home-base-augmenting innovation labs primarily access and recombine local knowledge, receive information from the central lab for adaptation to local demands, and sometimes do not require further adaptation.

    International Alliance Success Criteria

    • According to Hamel, Doz, and Prahalad, success for international alliances is measured by the length of the alliance, the amount of learning between partners, the development of subsidiaries into strategic leader segments, and the profits earned.

    Archetypes of Rapid International Expansion

    • International projectors and multi-centered MNEs were not included in the post-World War II era of rapid expansion when trade and investment barriers declined.

    Innovation Abroad

    • MNEs can set up innovation labs abroad to transfer location-bound FSAs (foreign subsidiary assets) or create new ones in the host country.
    • Relying on home-country location advantages in a foreign setting is also a possibility.

    Local Distributors

    • When dealing with distributors, securing access to critical market and financial intelligence and proactively selecting locations are important.
    • Key aspects of these relationships include delegate marketing strategy and linking national distributors from different places.

    Geographic Diversification in Crisis

    • A geographically diversified MNE that responds to a crisis such as COVID-19, by focusing on increasing its outsourcing of activities, is more likely to perform optimally

    Business Practices

    • HP's 7 business practices are for the purpose of gaining media coverage for the MNE.

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    This content discusses multinational enterprise subsidiaries, including strategic resource seeking and archetypes of administrative heritage. Also covered are responses to digital hub firms, data security issues in acquisitions, and higher-order firm-specific advantages (FSAs).

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