Multifactorial Interventions for Fall Prevention

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Questions and Answers

What is the prevalence of frailty in the over 65 years of age group?

  • More than 50%
  • Approximately 15% (correct)
  • Around 35%
  • Less than 5%

How much does frailty increase the risk of recurrent falls?

  • Increases the risk by 50%
  • No impact on the risk
  • Reduces the risk
  • Doubles the risk (correct)

What should clinicians begin with in LMIC settings to assess mobility and fall risk?

  • Eye examinations
  • Physical fitness tests
  • Blood pressure measurements
  • Gait and balance assessments (correct)

What is frailty associated with in the context of falls?

<p>Increased falls risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool should clinicians and caregivers in LMIC settings use to assess mobility and fall risk?

<p>Validated tools freely available in their country of residence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention does the evidence support for reducing harm from falls?

<p>Strength and balance exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended population health prevention measure for falls, particularly effective for some older people?

<p>Balance, strength, and gait training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was called into question by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) surveillance of the evidence on reducing harm from falls?

<p>Multifactorial interventions tailored to the individual’s risk assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with falls, according to the recent evidence surveillance?

<p>Malnourishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was revealed by an Australian survey regarding staff knowledge in aged residential care?

<p>Poor knowledge of care among staff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of gait speed in relation to frailty?

<p>Proxy of frailty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the iLSIRENTE study, what was the prevalence of sarcopenia in people aged 80 years and above?

<p>Approximately 25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many guideline recommendations involve complex interventions?

<p>Dependent on exogenous factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the International Conference of Frailty and Sarcopenia's task force?

<p>Identifying and managing physical frailty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential added value of using frailty as a proxy for intermediate to high fall risk?

<p>An entry point for personalised multifactorial falls risk assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying the barriers and potential facilitators for changes required for implementing the recommendations?

<p>To create a favorable context for beginning implementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should guidelines be implemented thoughtfully and deliberately?

<p>To ensure verification of a favorable context for implementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using quality improvement approaches and rigorous process evaluations in the implementation process?

<p>To refine and improve intervention delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the dissemination and implementation support mentioned in the text?

<p>To provide resources and toolkits for implementation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the authors emphasize the need for future research in specific areas despite providing recommendations?

<p>Because evidence is promising but inconclusive in those areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the systematic review of 17 studies reveal about the association between falls in older people and social factors?

<p>Loneliness, social isolation, and living alone were significantly associated with falls in older people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the evidence on podiatry interventions show?

<p>The evidence on podiatry interventions was inconsistent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the systematic review and meta-analysis of 9,510 older adults find about the risk of falling in malnourished individuals?

<p>Malnourished individuals had a 45 percent higher risk of experiencing at least one fall than well-nourished individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the evidence suggest about the effectiveness of multifactorial interventions in reducing falls?

<p>The evidence on multifactorial interventions was inconsistent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the evidence reveal about the association between loneliness, social isolation, and living alone with falls in older people?

<p>There was a strong association between these social factors and falls in older people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the systematic review and meta-analysis published in December 2019 conclude about the use of multifactorial interventions to prevent falls in older people presenting to the emergency department following a fall?

<p>They found insufficient evidence to support the use of multifactorial interventions for fall prevention or hospital use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH), what is the impact of vitamin D supplementation on falls in older adults residing in long-term care facilities?

<p>It reduces the rate of falls but not the risk of falling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did the authors draw about the role of vitamin D in falls prevention from the review by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH)?

<p>Vitamin D supplementation is less costly and more effective than no intervention in preventing falls and fall-related injuries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found to be the impact of strength and balance exercise as a single intervention in aged care, according to the systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2019?

<p>It reduced the number of fallers by 36 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the authors suggest researchers should examine further based on their conclusion about multifactorial interventions?

<p>The cost-effectiveness of multifactorial interventions in the community (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the authors conclude about the pharmacist-led deprescribing interventions?

<p>They were associated with improvements in mood, frailty, and falls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the finding of the systematic review of pharmacist services in nursing homes?

<p>Medication review and/or staff education by pharmacists reduced the mean number of falls among residents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the separate systematic review and meta-analysis specifically look at?

<p>Health outcomes of deprescribing interventions in nursing homes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of education delivery did the survey respondents at aged residential care facilities prefer?

<p>One-on-one, face-to-face education in the workplace, and reminder posters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the systematic review aimed at determining the optimal model of care for hip fracture patients find?

<p>Patients had reduced long-term mortality when they were admitted early to any sort of orthogeriatric models or a dedicated orthogeriatric ward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main finding of the Saedon et al (2020) study?

<p>The prevalence of postural blood pressure drop was higher in residential facilities than in the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Finnegan et al (2019a) study reveal about the long-term effectiveness of falls prevention exercise programmes?

<p>The effect did not continue beyond two years after the intervention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences whether older people with cognitive impairment continue with falls prevention exercises?

<p>Influences on their decision to continue or not are identity, health, social interaction, and type of exercise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Hancox et al (2019) identify as factors influencing whether those with cognitive impairment persist with exercise?

<p>Influences such as routine, practical and emotional support, memory support, purpose, past experiences of sport and exercise, and belief in and experience of benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the systematic review and meta-analysis published in August 2019 find about multifactorial interventions in the community setting?

<p>Multifactorial interventions reduced the rate and risk of falling by 21 percent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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