CNA Chapter 6: Infection Prevention
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Questions and Answers

What is a communicable disease?

An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact or by indirect contact.

What is cross infection?

The physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another.

What is a Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

An infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care.

What is infection prevention?

<p>The set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a localized infection?

<p>An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a microorganism?

<p>A living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pathogens?

<p>Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reinfection?

<p>Being infected again with the same pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is resistance in the context of infection?

<p>The body's ability to prevent infection and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a systemic infection?

<p>An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sterilization means all microorganisms are destroyed, including those that form spores.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medical asepsis means that a facility is completely free from all microorganisms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant (NA) must wash his hands before leaving a dirty utility room.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transmission is the process of removing pathogens from an object.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

An object can be called clean if it has not been contaminated with pathogens.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spore-forming organisms are killed by disinfection.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clean and dirty equipment are normally stored in the same utility room.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chain of infection describe?

<p>How disease is transmitted from one human being to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many links in the chain of infection must be broken to prevent infection?

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the six links in the chain of infection.

<p>Causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

One reason that older people are at a greater risk for acquiring infections is:

<p>They are hospitalized more often.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor associated with aging increases the risk of infection?

<p>Use of catheters and other tubing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for the government agency that promotes public health and safety?

<p>CDC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two levels of precautions in the infection prevention system recommended by the CDC?

<p>Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Standard precautions means treating all blood, bodily fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were:

<p>Infected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An NA cannot tell by looking at residents if they have a ______ disease.

<p>contagious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An NA should wear a _______ and protective ________ when there's a chance of body fluid exposure.

<p>mask, gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Razor blades and other sharps should be disposed of in a _____ container for sharps.

<p>biohazard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An NA should never transfer _____ items or any kind of ______ from one room to another.

<p>personal, equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An NA should never place ______ items like bedpans on an overbed table.

<p>contaminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When cleaning anything, the NA should move from the _______ to the ______ area.

<p>cleanest, dirtiest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hand washing is the single most important method to reduce the spread of infection.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria can be removed from artificial nails through hand washing.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of hand lotion can prevent skin from cracking.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant must wash her hands every time she removes her gloves.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant must wash his hands after he blows his nose.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant does not need to wash her hands before obtaining clean linen from a cart.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When washing hands, the nursing assistant should use friction for no more than five seconds.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using alcohol-based hand rubs means that nursing assistants do not need to wash their hands with soap and water.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines what type of personal protective equipment (PPE) must be worn for a specific task?

<p>The type of exposure that may be encountered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step should a nursing assistant take directly after removing and discarding PPE?

<p>Performing hand hygiene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a gown becomes wet during care, what should the NA do?

<p>Discard it and don a new gown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immediately after giving care, what should the NA do with his gloves?

<p>He should remove the gloves and wash his hands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be worn when it is likely that blood or body fluids may splash into the eyes?

<p>Goggles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are spills in a healthcare facility dangerous?

<p>They increase the risk of infection and falls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When something is spilled, what is the first step that an NA should take?

<p>Put on gloves and absorb the spill with the product the facility has.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an NA spills a substance on her body, what should she do?

<p>Immediately wash that area using the proper cleaning agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If allowed, why is it important for a nursing assistant to spend time with a resident in isolation?

<p>It can help reduce loneliness and gives them a connection to the outside world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of supplies are best for residents in isolation?

<p>Disposable reading material, TV, telephone, and radio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What items may be needed when setting up an isolation cart?

<p>Gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, face shields, and extra bags.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation of the government agency that regulates the safety of workers in the U.S.?

<p>OSHA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What standard requires healthcare facilities to protect employees from blood borne health hazards?

<p>OSHA blood borne pathogen standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exposure incident?

<p>When an employee is exposed to blood or other potentially infectious material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exposure control plan?

<p>A plan outlining specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the healthcare setting, contact with infected blood or bodily fluids is the most common way to be infected with a blood borne disease.

<p>true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vaccine must the employer provide for all employees after hire?

<p>Hepatitis B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect the immune system?

<p>It weakens the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that HIV is spread?

<p>By using infected needles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis ___ and ____ are blood borne diseases that can cause death.

<p>B, C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis B can spread by contact with infected needles.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multi drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are not a serious problem in healthcare facilities.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly spread by direct physical contact with infected people.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proper hand hygiene can help prevent the spread of vancomycin resistant enterococcus.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bacteria enterococci often cause problems in healthy people.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both hand rubs and washing hands with soap and water are considered equally effective when dealing with C. Difficile.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overuse of antibiotics may alter the normal intestinal flora and increase the risk of developing C. Difficile diarrhea.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is no test that can diagnose C. Difficile.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is most often spread through direct contact with an infected person.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

To help protect against the spread of the flu, a person should maintain a distance of at least two feet from an infected person.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moro iris is not a type of contagious virus.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infection Prevention Key Terms

  • Communicable disease: An infectious disease that can be transmitted either directly or indirectly.
  • Cross infection: Transfer of harmful bacteria between individuals or locations, or different body parts.
  • Healthcare-associated infection (HAI): Infection acquired during medical care within a healthcare setting.
  • Infection prevention: Methods implemented in healthcare to control the spread of infectious diseases.
  • Localized infection: An infection restricted to a specific body area with distinct local symptoms.
  • Microorganism: Organisms that are microscopic, only visible under a microscope.
  • Pathogens: Microorganisms that can lead to infection and disease.
  • Reinfection: Recurrence of infection by the same pathogen.
  • Resistance: Organism or body's ability to ward off infection and disease.
  • Systemic infection: Infection that spreads through the bloodstream, affecting the entire body.

Infection Control Principles

  • Sterilization: Complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores.
  • Medical asepsis: Aims to reduce pathogens but does not ensure all microorganisms are eliminated.
  • Chain of infection: Sequence of events that defines how an infectious disease is transmitted between individuals.
  • Link between aging and infection risk: Older adults are more frequently hospitalized, increasing the chance for infections.

Precautions and Procedures

  • CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, agency focused on public health and disease prevention.
  • Standard precautions: Treating all blood and bodily fluids as if potentially infectious.
  • Transmission-based precautions: Additional precautions based on specific routes of transmission.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • PPE usage: Selection based on potential exposure; gloves and masks are essential when dealing with splashes of body fluids.
  • Isolation and companionship: Spending time with isolated residents can alleviate feelings of loneliness and promote connection.

Handling Contaminants

  • Cleaning procedure: Always move from the cleanest area to the dirtiest when cleaning.
  • Sharps disposal: Use biohazard containers for razor blades and other sharp objects.

Hand Hygiene Significance

  • Hand washing: Primary method to reduce infection spread; essential after glove removal and other tasks.
  • Artificial nails: Cannot be fully disinfected through hand washing alone.

Bloodborne Pathogen Safety

  • OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates safety in work environments, particularly related to blood-borne pathogens.
  • Exposure control plan: Strategy to minimize the risk of exposure to infectious materials, including protocols for when exposure incidents occur.
  • Hepatitis B vaccine: Provided free by employers to protect against bloodborne health hazards.

Specific Infections and Concerns

  • HIV: Weakens the immune system, increasing vulnerability to other infections; spread through infected needles.
  • Hepatitis B and C: Bloodborne diseases that pose significant health risks, including potential death.
  • Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs): Growing concern in healthcare settings; includes MRSA and CRE, often spread by direct contact.

C. Difficile and Antibiotic Resistance

  • C. Difficile: Infection linked to antibiotic overuse; cannot be diagnosed by a single test; specific hygiene practices are necessary to prevent its spread.
  • Friction during hand washing: Should be performed adequately to be effective.

General Infection Prevention Tips

  • Eye protection: Goggles must be worn if blood or body fluid splashes are likely.
  • Spill management: Initial response includes putting on gloves and cleaning up with appropriate materials immediately.
  • Isolation supplies: Utilize disposable materials for residents in isolation; maintain necessary items like gloves and masks on an isolation cart.

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Test your knowledge on infection prevention with this CNA Chapter 6 quiz. Explore key terms like communicable diseases and healthcare-associated infections to deepen your understanding of infection control practices in healthcare settings.

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